A global tropical-extratropical cloudband (TECB) climatology, using a clear definition of TECBs, and based on NOAA IR satellite imagery for the period 1979–1983, is presented. It is shown that on a global scale we can distinguish between 14 different TECBs, seven of them in each hemisphere. The cross-correlations of the TECB frequency anomalies with tropical pressure and sea-surface temperature anomalies indicate that the activity of these phenomena can respond strongly to tropical forcing from different parts of the world. Whereas only 10 TECBs show a significant response in their activity to the Southern Oscillation, the frequency anomalies of all 14 TECBs correlate significantly with other pressure anomaly indices.

Tropical-extratropical cloudband climatology based on satellite data

Tropical Plumes over the Middle East: Climatology and synoptic conditions

In this paper, quantitative studies of water vapor Meteosat imagery, based on an accurate transmittance and radiance model are described. Using conventional radiosonde data, a linear relation between cloudless radiances and digital counts is obtained. It is shown that the distribution with altitude of the peak contribution to the radiances varies from about the 550 mb level to about the 450 mb level for pictures acquired in July over the western part of Europe and Mediterranean Sea. The influence of the temperature profile on the altitude of the maximum contribution layer is pointed out. A relation between the radiative field and the water vapor mass above the 600 mb level is found.

Quantitative Studies of Meteosat Water-Vapor Channel Data

Medium resolution infrared spectra obtained by satellite used to estimate relative humidity profiles

/pdf/on-the-estimation-of-relative-humidity-profiles-from-medium-13cdi4wqum.pdf

On the estimation of relative humidity profiles from medium resolution infrared spectra obtained from a satellite

Mean monthly images from the water vapor channel of METEOSAT characteristically contain large-scale spatial structures, especially in tropical regions. The aim of this paper is to establish connections between these structures and large-scale circulation features. For this purpose, statistical relationships between radiances and some meteorological parameters provided by ECMWF analyses are studied. Temporal correlations are computed for two sizes of regions, in order to compare temporal changes associated with both large-scale circulations and smaller scale systems. The correlations obtained are poor, suggesting that the chosen parameters are not well related at short time scales. Temporal averages appear more suitable for these comparisons. As expected, the mean relative humidity yields the best correlation with the mean water vapor radiances. A (weaker) relationship exists also with mean dynamic fields: large water vapor radiances are almost always related to subsidence in the middle tropospher...

Relation between METEOSAT Water Vapor Radiance Fields and Large Scale Tropical Circulation Features

Tropospheric water vapor analysis via Tiros IV SATELLITE, determining spatial and temporal temperature, humidity and mass variations

/pdf/a-quasi-global-analysis-of-tropospheric-water-vapor-content-43yh0ef0os.pdf

A Quasi-Global Analysis of Tropospheric Water Vapor Content from TIROS IV Radiation Data

The meteorological satellite Tiros III measured the upwelling infrared radiation in the spectral intervals from 5.8 to 6.8 microns and from 8 to 13 microns simultaneously. According to a method developed by Holier (1962) and Raschke (1965) the relative humidity of the upper troposphere and surface temperature of the ground and/or of clouds were determined. Results for one day (July 12, 1961) are presented in a quasi-global distribution. The mean relative humidity appears to be lower than 10 % in the subtropical anticyclones on both hemispheres, while it is higher than 60 % in the cloudy regions of the tropics and at higher latitudes. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1967.tb01475.x

A quasi-global analysis of the mean relative humidity of the upper troposphere

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A Quasi-Global Analysis of Tropospheric Water Vapor Content from TIROS IV Radiation Data

A quasi-global analysis of the mean relative humidity of the upper troposphere