Where is the place of continental Africa in the black Atlantic imagination? From Olaudah Equiano to Martin Delany to Simi Bedford, this question, heavy with promises of historical redemption, transfiguration and belonging, constitutes an urgent yet troubling mode of inquiry into the cultural and intellectual production of black diasporic life. A site of memory, of traumatic loss and dispersal, of uprootings and re-routings originating in the slave trade and the Middle Passage, Africa, in the words of Canadian Caribbean poet and novelist Dionne Brand, figures as ‘The Door of No Return’, a place / ‘real and metaphoric’ / ‘where a certain set of transactions occurred, perhaps the most important of them being the transference of selves’ (A Map to the Door of No Return, 18). Here, Brand alerts us to the narrative and political predicament Africa poses for critics and writers of the ‘Black Atlantic’, as the continent designates a complex but often elided living geopolitical reality and a generic cipher or metaphor through which to project mythic and, frequently, homogenising constructions of cultural and national identity. What is at stake in all three volumes under review here, then, is the way in which they mediate the symbolic significance of Africa and the Middle Passage in the commemorative practices of black Atlantic writing and diasporic philosophy and culture. In his monograph Re-Membering the Black Atlantic: On the Poetics and Politics of Literary Memory, Lars Eckstein examines the performative power of literature as a mnemonic device in three pivotal novels of Black British and African American writing. In this meticulous and rich study, literature opposes history and, instead, functions as memory, as its encryption and condition of legibility. In order to unlock the discursive and ‘political potential of literary memory’, Eckstein originally interweaves dialogical and intertextual concepts of memory with the rhetoric and creative aesthetics of testimonies, specifically the slave narrative (57). Re-Membering the Black Atlantic Lars Eckstein

Middle Passages and the Healing Place of History: Migration and Identity in Black Women's Literature

Australian university students report experiencing higher levels of psychological distress compared to other Australians, and are at increased risk of developing mental health problems. Psychological distress has been connected with poor academic performance, higher attrition rates and sleep disturbances. A protective factor associated with sleep-related selfregulation is mindfulness. Mindfulness based programs have shown benefits in stress reduction and resilience. Resilience is considered a protective factor that interacts with stressors to reduce the likelihood of negative outcomes. Resilience is also associated with positive social and personal well-being together with enhanced mental health and adjustment to university life. The current study examines the attributes of resilient university students, by comparing the differences between high and low resilient students on levels of reported psychological distress, sleep disturbances and mindfulness. A total of 89 university students participated in the study aged between 18 to 57 years. Results showed that university students with high levels of resilience reported significantly lower levels of psychological distress and significantly higher levels of mindfulness, compared to university students reporting low levels of resilience. There were no significant differences reported with regard to sleep disturbances. The findings add to extant knowledge of resilience and provide support for universities to develop strategies that promote resilience in university students to reduce the risk of students developing mental health problems, thus enabling students to flourish under academic pressures.

https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/5185/4920

Resilience attributes among university students: A comparative study of psychological distress, sleep disturbances and mindfulness

(2003). Alterbiographic Transmutations of Genre in Jamaica Kincaid's “Biography of a Dress” and Autobiography of My Mother. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 85-104.

Alterbiographic Transmutations of Genre in Jamaica Kincaid's “Biography of a Dress” and Autobiography of My Mother

Jamaica Kincaid’s Lucy: A Novel, an autobiographical narrative as opposed to what the title suggests, examines the colonial and immigrant experience of an Antiguan girl, who grows up in the British Caribbean and comes to the U.S. at the age of nineteen as an au pair. The colonial and maternal education along with the textual capture and erasure in her childhood controls Lucy’s choices over her intellect, voice, body, mobility, and sexuality, while leading her to a stage where she seeks the new definitions of womanhood, female re-embodiment, and personhood in the New Land. This paper focuses on the autobiographical narrative as a catharsis for Lucy, who confronts the constructed reality through personal reflections on colonial education, and by doing so, who eases the predicament of colonisation and dualisms due to the coloniser inside. I argue that the systematic colonial and maternal pedagogy depicted in the narrative is employed to mythicise reality, obliterate the Caribbean self/culture, and disenfranchise colonial society. Referring to “cultural invasion,” a concept developed by Brazilian educational philosopher Paulo Freire to investigate disguised subjugation as education, this paper scrutinises Lucy’s retrospection both on her maternal and colonial tutelage that later becomes a leading force of her own decolonisation.

/pdf/disguised-subjugation-as-education-colonial-and-maternal-mw1gld86qv.pdf

Disguised Subjugation as Education: Colonial and Maternal Pedagogy in Jamaica Kincaid’s Lucy

iv INTRODUCTION 1 1. TENUOUS TIES: YEARNING, LOVE, AND HATE 9 2. THE FEMALE OEDIPAL COMPLEX 22 3. COLONIZING FORCES 44 CONCLUSION 62 REFERENCES 65 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 67

/pdf/from-longing-to-loss-mother-daughter-relationships-in-the-5266lwzfj3.pdf

From Longing to Loss: Mother-Daughter Relationships in the Novels of Jamaica Kincaid

In her potent essay "On Seeing England for the First Time," Jamaica Kincaid writes: "The space between the idea of something and its reality is always wide and deep and dark" (37). Her reflection delineates the "space" of complex post-colonial experience which has captured and shaped the lives of many peoples colonized since Christopher Columbus's first conquests. Born on Antigua, a former British colony, Kincaid, as both a writer and an individual, struggles with her legacy of post-colonialism. A Small Place (1988) is her insightful critical analysis of political, historical, and cultural aspects of the post-colonial reality on Antigua. Her collection of short stories, At the Bottom of the River (1978), and the first novel, Annie John (1983), deal with her Antiguan childhood and adolescence. All of them represent an attempt to define the most vital aspects of post-colonial experience: psychological, cultural, and social marginality; political exclusion; racial and sexual discrimination; and the domination by the white man and his culture. Lucy (1990) picks up at the point where all her previous works ended and explores the possibilities of transcending the heroine's post-colonial predicament. Upon immigrating to the United States, a young West Indian woman begins her painful and lonely search for identity. Her struggle for personal freedom and independence entails total, self-imposed separation from her family, particularly her mother, and a commitment to complete detachment. Such rejection of her former identity and alienation from the past and much of her present experience grant Lucy the independence and freedom to assert herself in a position of control and power, which, in turn, allows her to re-invent her self and create a new future. But her re-invention would not be

Jamaica Kincaid's Lucy: Cultural "Translation" As a Case of Creative Exploration of the Past

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Jamaica Kincaid's Lucy: Cultural "Translation" As a Case of Creative Exploration of the Past