Theoretical and numerical constraint-handling techniques used with evolutionary algorithms: a survey of the state of the art

In their original versions, nature-inspired search algorithms such as evolutionary algorithms and those based on swarm intelligence, lack a mechanism to deal with the constraints of a numerical optimization problem. Nowadays, however, there exists a considerable amount of research devoted to design techniques for handling constraints within a nature-inspired algorithm. This paper presents an analysis of the most relevant types of constraint-handling techniques that have been adopted with nature-inspired algorithms. From them, the most popular approaches are analyzed in more detail. For each of them, some representative instantiations are further discussed. In the last part of the paper, some of the future trends in the area, which have been only scarcely explored, are briefly discussed and then the conclusions of this paper are presented.

http://www.cs.cinvestav.mx/~constraint/papers/swevo-mezura.pdf

Constraint-Handling in Nature-Inspired Numerical Optimization: Past, Present and Future

The paper investigates a number of asymmetries in the behavior of subjects in Germanic, Celtic/Arabic, Romance, and Greek. The languages under investigation divide into two main groups with respect to a cluster of properties, including the availability of pro-drop with referential subjects, the possibility of VSO/VOS orders, the A/A′ status of subjects in SVO orders, the presence/absence of Definiteness Restriction (DR)-effects in unaccusative constructions, the existence of verb-raising independently of V-2, and others. We argue that the key factor in this split is a parametrization in the way the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) is checked: move/merge XP vs. move/merge X0. The first option is taken in Germanic, the second in Celtic, Greek, and Romance. According to our proposal, the EPP relates to checking of a nominal feature of AGR (cf. Chomsky 1995), and move/merge X0 languages satisfy the EPP via V-raising, as their verbal agreement morphology includes the requisite nominal feature (cf. Taraldsen 1978). Moreover, we demonstrate that the further differences that exist between Celtic/Arabic on the one hand and Romance/Greek on the other are related to the parametric availability of Spec,TP for subjects (cf. Jonas and Bobaljik 1993, Bobaljik and Jonas 1996). In Celtic and Arabic, Spec,TP for subjects is licensed, resulting in VSO orders with VP external subjects. In Greek and Romance, Spec,TP is not licensed, resulting in 'subject inverted' orders with VP internal subjects. In other words, we show that within the class of move/merge X0 languages, a further partition emerges which is due to the same parameter dividing Germanic languages into two major classes. We demonstrate that combining the proposed EPP/AGR parameter with the Spec,TP parameter gives four language-types with distinct properties.

Parametrizing Agr: Word Order, V-Movement and Epp-Checking

In this paper, we will present a particular proposal about the nature of agreement processes and the syntax of its output. Our proposal builds on current work, but departs from existing research in a number of ways. We hope to demonstrate that our proposals not only advance the overall understanding of agreement, but also contribute to a clearer and simpler view of a number of specific syntactic phenomena. At the heart of our proposal is a conception of agreement that draws on various traditions that view it as "feature sharing". We combine this conception with a proposal that valuation and interpretability of features are independent concepts. These ideas taken together allow us to revise existing analyses of a number of syntactic constructions. In particular, we will focus on the role of verbal tense morphology in specifying other properties of a sentence, and the comparable role played by wh-morphology in specifying clause type. Particular attention will be devoted to the syntax of raising constructions and to an analysis of sentential subjects that improves on earlier work of our own.

/pdf/the-syntax-of-valuation-and-the-interpretability-of-features-1b49puzx04.pdf

The Syntax of Valuation and the Interpretability of Features

Contributors. Introduction. Part I: Derivation Versus Representation:. 1. Explaining Morphosyntactic Competition: Joan Bresnan (Stanford University). 2. Economy Conditions in Syntax: Chris Collins (Cornell University). 3. Derivation and Representation in Modern Transformational Syntax: Howard Lasnik (University of Connecticut). 4. Relativized Minimality Effects: Luigi Rizzi (Universite de Geneve). Part II: Movement:. 5. Head Movement: Ian Roberts (University of Stuttgart). 6. Object Shift and Scrambling: Hoskuldur Thrainsson (University of Iceland). 7. Wh--in--situ Languages: Akira Watanabe (University of Tokyo). 8. A--Movements: Mark Baltin (New York University). Part III: Argument Structure and Phrase Structure:. 9. Thematic Relations in Syntax: Jeffrey S. Gruber (independent scholar). 10. Predication: John Bowers (Cornell University). 11. Case: Hiroyuki Ura. 12. Phrase Structure: Naoki Fukui (University of California). 13. The Natures of Nonconfigurationality: Mark C. Baker (McGill University). 14. What VP Ellipsis Can Do, and What it Can't, but not Why: Kyle Johnson (University of Massachusetts at Amherst). Part IV: Functional Projections:. 15. Agreement Projections: Adriana Belletti (Universita di Siena). 16. Sentential Negation: Raffaella Zanuttini (Georgetown University). 17. The DP Hypothesis: Identifying Clausal Properties in the Nominal Domain: Judy B. Bernstein (Syracuse University). 18. The Structure of DPs: Some Principles, Parameters and Problems: Giuseppe Longobardi (University of Trieste). Part V: Interface With Interpretation:. 19. The Syntax of Scope: Anna Szabolcsi (New York University). 20. Deconstructing Binding: Eric Reuland and Martin Everaert (both Utrecht Institute of Linguistics). 21. Syntactic Reconstruction Effects: Andrew Barss (University of Arizona). Part VI: External Evaluation of Syntax:. 22. Syntactic Change: Anthony S. Kroch (University of Pennsylvania). 23. Setting Syntactic Parameters: Janet Dean Fodor (City University of New York). Bibliography. Index.

The handbook of contemporary syntactic theory

This important monograph summarizes, rethinks, and extends a decade of the author's work on therole assignments -- the ways in which the roles implied by verbs of a given type play out in terms of position and other syntactic functions. The study of theta roles and the locality of theta-role assignment leads into many interesting areas of linguistic theory, such as scope, the ECP, X-bar theory, binding theory, and the weak crossover condition; Williams's reconstruction thus offers a systematic integration of a remarkably wide range of syntactic phenomena. Williams starts by outlining a theory of the clause,specifically, of the distribution of Nominative Case and Tense. He then develops a formalism for the notion of"external argument" that is used throughout the rest of the book. Subsequent chapters review the issues surrounding the syntactic expression of the subject-predicate relationship, extend the notion of external argument to include NP movement, and reanalyze the verb movement constructions as deriving from the calculus of theta roles rather than movement. The last chapter distinguishes referential dependence and coreference, showing that a general Leftness condition governs the former, while the binding theory restated in terms of theta relations governs the latter.

Thematic structure in syntax

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Foreign Literatures and Linguistics. Thesis. 1974. Ph.D.

Rule ordering in syntax.

Several potential approaches are presented that utilize adaptive penalty functions that change the value of the draw-down coefficients during a run of the genetic algorithm. A simple 1D constrained problem and a more complex 2D constrained problem were solved using the adaptive penalty strategies. A stiffened composite panel was optimized for minimum weight, subject to several constraints using the adaptive penalty methods to provide insight into how the approaches perform on an engineering problem. On the basis of these problem solutions, conclusions were drawn regarding the efficacy of adaptive penalty functions for constrained optimization. (Author)

A study of adaptive penalty functions for constrained genetic algorithm-based optimization

Introduction. Part I. Morphology and Derivation 1. "Dumping Lexicalism" 2. Derivational Prefixes are Projective, not Realizational 3. Merge and Mirrors Part II. Functional Structure and Derivation 4. Subjects of Different Heights 5. There Is No Alternative to Cartography 6. Scope and Verb Meanings 7. Islands Regained

Regimes of Derivation in Syntax and Morphology

Standard optimal control algorithms work with a fixed control cost function that minimizes the control effort to achieve system stability. Similarly, robust controllers are used to mitigate differences between controller models and real-life controllers. In autonomous vehicles, the deciding agent might not know how to account for outright failures of control surface machanisms. This paper builds upon previous, and parallel work to create a consistent method that develops fault detection in autonomous aerial vehicles and uses those probabilities to develop a controller to minimize the system failure. This paper describes the background and equations that are used in this method, and then provides examples of the effects of this approach in an Ultrastick 120 simulation.

Use of Risk as a Metric for Autonomous Aerial Vehicles’ Adaptive Controls

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