1. Over the past two decades the number of fisheries targeting shark resources has increased dramatically. A combination of factors, including relatively slow growth rate, low fecundity and late age of maturity, result in low recovery rates from exploitation for most shark species. This, in turn, is reflected in the poor record of sustainability of shark fisheries. 2. One of the greatest challenges is to find a way to deal with the substantial levels of shark bycatch taken in many non-target fisheries. Poor general recording of shark landings and paucity of shark landing data at the species level also undermine the development of effective shark management strategies. 3. This paper reviews the problems that must be faced worldwide if shark resources are to be managed sustainably and lays out a comprehensive set of prioritized management strategies to facilitate the sustainable management of global shark fisheries. It is acknowledged that the majority of sharks are harvested in developing countries and that the management of shark resources in developing and developed countries will need to incorporate different management strategies relevant to local socio-economic agendas. The management recommendations deal with methods to improve the global regulation of fisheries, ways to improve global conservation ethics and encourage active participation in management, as well as means by which specific management strategies may be implemented. Copyright

Managing global shark fisheries: suggestions for prioritizing management strategies

. Natural growth lines in the ossicles of echinoids have been used to estimate age, calculate growth curves, and infer population age-structure. However, few studies evaluate whether these bands are added annually–a critical assumption of the aging technique. We tested whether the banding pattern is annual in Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Sea urchins were tagged with a fluorescent marker, released into tidepools, and collected 1 year later. We quantified the position of the fluorescent mark relative to subsequent growth bands. In 30 individuals ranging in test diameter from 14 to 77 mm, and in a series of ∼2 mm size intervals, we examined 3 interambulacral plates (aboral, ambital, and oral) and a rotula from Aristotle's lantern. Overall, only 7 sea urchins (23%) added a complete band to all 4 ossicles. In 6 sea urchins (20%) at least 1 ossicle added more than 1 complete band. In many sea urchins, especially those >55 mm in diameter, most ossicles added less than 1 band. The banding pattern in ossicles seriously underestimates age in S. droebachiensis and population parameters inferred from these growth lines are biased. Before using the growth-band aging method in other echinoids, it must be demonstrated that 1 band is added annually for all sizes in a population under field conditions.

https://www.montclair.edu/profilepages/media/5008/user/Russell,_Meredith_2000_Natural_growth_lines_in_echinoid_ossicles_are_not_reliable_indicators_of_age_a_test_using_Strongylocentrotus_droebachiensis.pdf

Natural growth lines in echinoid ossicles are not reliable indicators of age: a test using Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

Effects of two commercially available low-protein diets (21% and 31%) on water and sediment quality, and on the production of Litopenaeus vannamei in an outdoor tank system with limited water discharge

Computer networking is an attempt to end the ''tyranny of geography". The goal is to make all data available to any system connected anywhere in the network. In a more compact form, it is known as "resource sharing". The remote compilers' concept permits a software package to be shared on the network using client-server and peer-to-peer networks. This setup allows the users to compile the source file wherever the required compiler is installed in the network. A remote compiler is a software tool that takes the source file as input and sends it to the host where the required compiler is installed. The source files are automatically compiled at the host. The compiled/error files then are sent back to the client. This setup basically only works for compilers having command-line debugging and execution, and multimedia renderings.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/45/29958/01368911.pdf

Resource sharing

Scales reading and length frequency distribution were used for age determination and growth estimation of Boops boops (Bogue) stock of Western Mediterranean Coast of Egypt. Age determination using scale was done and the time of annulus formation was detected by the marginal increment index. Bhattacharya’s method was used for length frequency analysis. Both methods showed 6 age groups. ANOVA test revealed insignificant differences between both estimates of length at age results. Growth parameters estimated using length-at-age data from both methods confirming the age determination results. Growth performance index indicated high similarity between the two estimates. The results revealed the compatibility of length frequency distribution to scale reading for stock assessment studies of bogue stock in Western Mediterranean Coast of Egypt.

Validation of length frequency analysis for boops boops (bogue) growth estimation

Preface Introduction Part I: Living resources: their habitat and fisheries Ocean environment Major resource organisms--plants and invertebrates Major resource organisms--vertebrates Life histories of resource species Age and growth of resource species Part II: Fisheries Biology Fish and shellfish behavior Population size and fluctuations Part III: Fisheries: gear, methods and landings Fishing vessels, gear and methods Food and nonfood fisheries Major world fishing nations Sea farming (aquaculture) Part IV: Fisheries management and regulation Management objectives Fisheries management--environmental manipulations Fisheries management--laws and regulations Future of world commercial fisheries Part V: Recreational fisheries Recreational fishermen, resources, gear, and value Recreational fisheries biology Recreational fisheries management Future of recreational fisheries Appendices Appendix A: Selected general references Appendix B: The Magnuson Fishery Conservation Management Act.

Living marine resources : their utilization and management

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Living marine resources : their utilization and management