A system for generating direct manipulation office systems is described. In these systems, the user directly manipulates graphical representations of office entities instead of dealing with these entities abstractly through a command language or menu system. These systems employ a new semantic data model to describe office entities. New techniques based on attribute grammars and incremental attribute evaluation are used to implement this data model in an efficient manner. In addition, the system provides a means of generating sophisticated graphics-based user interfaces that are integrated with the underlying semantic model. Finally, the generated systems contain a general user reversal and recovery (or undo) mechanism that allows them to be much more tolerant of human errors.

A generator of direct manipulation office systems

SUMMARY Structured documents such as those developed for SGML, GML or L TEX usually contain a combination of text and tags. Since various types of documents require tags with different placement, the creator of a document must learn and retain a large amount of knowledge. Rita consists of an editor and user interface which are controlled by a grammar or description of a document type and its tags, and which guide the user in preparing a document, thus avoiding the problems of tags being used or placed incorrectly. The user interface contains a display which is almost WYSIWYG so that the appearance of the document can be examined while it is being prepared. This paper describes Rita, its user interface and some of its internal structure and algorithms, and relates anecdotal user experiences. Comparisons are also made with other commercial and experimental systems.

/pdf/rita-an-editor-and-user-interface-for-manipulating-1k00jy7xij.pdf

Rita—an editor and user interface for manipulating structured documents

The goal of this book is to present a framework within which the myriad of office technologies and office systems design techniques can be better understood. There are a number of office books which deal with the social/organizational aspects of office automation or with office equipment introduction strategies. This book differs from those in that it is written by technical computer people for technical computer people. As such, it assumes a general computer literacy and contains a technical emphasis with a social fiber woven in. Besides the framework, it also presents the current state of office primitives, office tools, and office technology. Particularly at the applications layer, emphasis is placed on the user interface and its design. Some design areas (e.g. window package design) have not been generally treated in the previous literature. In these cases, amalgamation and distillation of useful research ideas of the authors and of others is presented. The book covers relevant work on-going by international standards bodies, and it discusses the concepts that are emerging (or which the authors feel will be emerging) from universities and industrial research laboratories. Office technologies and techniques are classified as personal environment aids versus communal environment aids. Thus there are large sections concerned with workstations and their peripherals, and concerned with communications networks and distributed applications. Clarence Ellis is past head of the Office Research Group at Xerox PARC, and author of the well known Computing Surveys article "Office Information Systems and Computer Science" (1980). Najah Naffah is past head of the KAYAK Office Research Project at the French government INRIA research laboratory, and editor of various international conference proceedings on office information systems.

Design of Office Information Systems

Software, ranging from editor/formatters to spreadsheet packages to integrated decision support systems, provides the capability to create, revise and destroy documents interactively on the computer. The user can issue one command that will change objects throughout the document, delete objects, insert new objects, or rearrange existing objects. After making a change, the user may find that he or she made an error or prefers a prior version. It is valuable then to be able to undo a series of commands and to return to a previous state of the document. Whereas earlier systems required the user to have saved the prior state to accomplish this, interactive systems are now beginning to provide some form of undo capability. With a recovery mechanism, the user can remove the effects of mistakenly-issued commands, and has

Concepts and implications of undo for interactive recovery

An existing typesetting system is tied by bridging software to an existing page-presentation program to effect both hard (typeset) copy and interactive browsing. The typesetting system formats documents for a variety of output devices, and the “browsing” feature appears to the user as simply another output device that happens to be interactive.

A system for interactive viewing of structured documents

Etude is an experimental text processing system that is being developed in order to formulate and evaluate new approaches to the design of user interfaces for office automation tools. The primary design goal for Etude is to provide the user with substantial functionality in the editing and formatting of documents in the context of a system that is easy to learn and use.

The implementation of Etude, an integrated and interactive document production system

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The implementation of Etude, an integrated and interactive document production system