世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation

too fine for undergraduate readers who are new to agrarian debates. On the whole, however, the book is accessible and deserves to be widely read. The condition of rural populations in much of the global South is indeed dire-most of the 1 billion people living on less than a dollar a day live in the countryside. This book offers many important insights into why this is the case, and how the current regime of global capitalism works against a repetition of the agrarian transition that brought wealth and security to the global North.

The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It

Dead aid: Why aid is not working and how there is a better way for Africa, by Dambisa Moyo, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009, 188 pp., including notes, US$24.00 (hardcover), ISBN-13: 978-0...

Dead aid: Why aid is not working and how there is a better way for Africa

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The Great Escape: health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality

Foreign aid,poverty and economic growth in developing countries: A dynamic panel data causality analysis

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/245253/1/10.1080-23322039.2019.1626321.pdf

Foreign aid, poverty and economic growth in developing countries: A dynamic panel data causality analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries over the period 1980-2012. It also investigates whether the causal relationship between FDI inflows and economic growth is dependent on the level of income. Design/methodology/approach – In order to assess whether the causal relationship between FDI inflows and economic growth is dependent on the level of income, the study divided the SADC countries into two groups, namely, the middle-income countries and the low-income countries. The study used the recent panel-data analysis methods to examine this linkage. The Granger causality test for the middle-income countries was conducted within a vector-error correction mechanism framework; while that of the low-income countries was conducted within a vector autoregressions framework. Findings – The results for the middle-income countries’ panel show that there is a ...

Does foreign direct investment cause economic growth? A dynamic panel data analysis for SADC countries

This study examines the effect of foreign aid on extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the period 1981–2013. The study uses recent dynamic panel estimation techniques, including those methods which deal with endogeneity by controlling for simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity. The main findings of the study are summarized as follows: firstly, foreign aid does have a statistically significant poverty reduction effect in SSA. Secondly, the disaggregation of aid by source and type shows that total ODA, grants and multilateral aid have poverty reduction effects. Thirdly, democracy enhances the effectiveness of foreign aid in reducing poverty. Lastly, GDP per capita and globalization reduce extreme poverty, while inequality has a detrimental effect on the fight against poverty. This study confirms that the volume of aid matters as well as how it is allocated. The policy implications of these findings are that development partners should continue to focus on poverty reduction as the main objective for ODA. Further, aid allocation should be focused on channels which have more poverty-reduction effects, such as GDP per capita and democracy. Finally, aid recipient countries should come-up with income distributional policies that allow the benefits of growth to accrue to many people, thereby lifting the majority out of extreme poverty.

Does foreign aid reduce poverty? A dynamic panel data analysis for sub-Saharan African countries

This paper aims to analyses the trends and dynamics of extreme poverty in developing countries. The study attempts to answer one critical question: has the world achieved its number one Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of reducing extreme poverty by half by 2015? The methodology used in this study mainly involves a descriptive data analysis during the period 1981-2015. The study used the World Bank’s US$1.90 a day line (popularly known as $1 a day line) in 2011 prices to measure the level of absolute poverty. In order to analyze the dynamics of poverty across different regions, the study grouped countries into five regions: i) sub-Saharan Africa; ii) East Asia and the Pacific; iii) South Asia; iv) Europe and Central Asia; and v) Latin America and the Caribbean. The study found that in 1990, there were around 1.9 billion people living below US$1.90 a day (constituting 36.9 percent of the world population) and this number is estimated to have reduced to around 700 million people in 2015, with an estimated global poverty rate of 9.6 percent. The world met the MDG target in 2010, which is five years ahead of schedule. However, extreme poverty is becoming increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA), where its depth and breadth remain a challenge. SSA remains the poorest region, with more than 35 percent of its citizens living on less than US$1.90 a day. Half of the world’s extremely poor people now live in SSA, and it is the only region which has not met its MDG target.

/pdf/the-dynamics-of-extreme-poverty-in-developing-countries-4izhjfa8jw.pdf

The Dynamics of Extreme Poverty in Developing Countries

This paper examines the dynamics of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth in six low-income SADC economies, namely: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Specifically, the paper analyzes the policies and strategies that have been implemented in the studied countries to boost the FDI inflows and economic growth in these countries. The study also highlights some of the challenges and constraints faced by these countries in attracting and retaining FDI inflows. The study finds that during the 1980s and the early 1990s, the FDI inflows in some of these countries were largely subdued due to unfavorable policies, such as import substitution, protectionism, heavy state ownership, as well as state controls and interferences in the markets. In particular, policies such as socialism and centrally planned economies, which were aimed at protecting infant industries against foreign competition, remained rampant in some of these countries. However, following the implementation of economic liberalization, privatization and economic structural adjustment programs (ESAP) in the late 1990s and 2000s, there was a remarkable increase in FDI inflows which resulted in faster economic growth in some of these countries. Notwithstanding a remarkable increase in FDI inflows in recent years in these countries, there are still a number of challenges faced by some of these countries. These include, inter alia, civil wars, social unrest and political strife, which have ravaged some of these economies during the 1990s and 2000s.

A critical review of FDI inflows and economic growth in low-income SADC countries: prospects and challenges

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