Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm that includes a network of smart objects, which are embedded sensors, communicating using the Internet One of the areas that are leading up to IoT is Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) There are thus solutions such as frameworks, middlewares, and other development artifacts that come from the UbiComp community and can be used for IoT applications On the other hand, the interaction evaluation of the applications can be more complex in IoT than in UbiComp systems, once we have two different perspectives: Human-Thing and Thing-Thing interactions In this paper, based on the literature, our experience in these two domains, and case studies with Ubicomp and IoT applications, we discuss how we can benefit from the UbiComp move towards IoT, focusing on the main differences and similarities related to interaction evaluation These differences open a set of questions that are also presented and discussed in this paper

What Changes from Ubiquitous Computing to Internet of Things in Interaction Evaluation

ContextCurrent software systems have increasingly implemented context-aware adaptations to handle the diversity of conditions of their surrounding environment. Therefore, people are becoming used to a variety of context-aware software systems (CASS). This context-awareness brings challenges to the software construction and testing because the context is unpredictable and may change at any time. Therefore, software engineers need to consider the dynamic context changes while testing CASS. Different test case design techniques (TCDT) have been proposed to support the testing of CASS. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no analysis of these proposals on the advantages, limitations and their effective support to context variation during testing. ObjectiveTo gather empirical evidence on TCDT concerned with CASS by identifying, evaluating and synthesizing knowledge available in the literature. MethodTo undertake a secondary study (quasi-Systematic Literature Review) on TCDT for CASS regarding their assessed quality characteristics, used coverage criteria, test type, and test technique. ResultsFrom 833 primary studies published between 2004 and 2014, just 17 studies regard the design of test cases for CASS. Most of them focus on functional suitability. Furthermore, some of them take into account the changes in the context by providing specific test cases for each context configuration (static perspective) during the test execution. These 17 studies revealed five challenges affecting the design of test cases and 20 challenges regarding the testing of CASS. Besides, seven TCDT are not empirically evaluated. ConclusionA few TCDT partially support the testing of CASS. However, it has not been observed evidence on any TCDT supporting the truly context-aware testing, which that can adapt the expected output based on the context variation (dynamic perspective) during the test execution. It is an open issue deserving greater attention from researchers to increase the testing coverage and ensure users confidence in CASS.

Test case design for context-aware applications

Ubiquitous systems change the way users interact with computers, because their services must be available everywhere at any time, supporting users in various everyday activities. An essential element for these systems is their calm interaction with users, which means the system should not disturb them unnecessarily. Literature currently lacks work focusing on how to evaluate calmness and case studies made in a real usage situation. The aim of this work is to propose a model, defined using the Goal-Question-Metric GQM method, for calmness evaluation in ubiquitous systems and to show our results from a case study with three ubiquitous applications.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-20804-6_2.pdf

Using the GQM Method to Evaluate Calmness in Ubiquitous Applications

Ubiquitous computing expands both the place where the software system is used and the traditional way of interacting with its users This happens since technologies should be fully integrated in the user daily activities in such way they become indistinguishable So, in this scenario, new characteristics can emerge like calmness, transparency and context awareness that should be evaluated to assure the ubiquitous system quality One of the methods used for evaluation of traditional systems is usability testing Then, in this paper, we identify the main challenges to perform usability testing in ubiquitous systems based on an overview of the literature studies and on our own experience in testing this kind of systems We also describe our ongoing work where we investigate usability testing to be designed considering context-awareness and to be supported by specific measurements to the ubiquitous computing scenario

/pdf/challenges-for-usability-testing-in-ubiquitous-systems-29ttsf1axn.pdf

Challenges for usability testing in ubiquitous systems

An approach of multidisciplinary criteria for modeling alternatives of flexible working

The improvement in computational device miniaturization and in wireless communication has moved forward relevant advances in ubiquitous systems development Such systems are capable of monitoring environments and users in order to provide services as naturally as possible These systems offer new types of interactions, such as more implicit and transparent exchanges with users Thus, the ubiquitous systems present new challenges in quality evaluation of human-computer interaction, as any assessment of quality should take into account the peculiarities of these new types of interactions This paper proposes a quality model composed of specific characteristics and measures to human-computer interaction quality evaluation in ubiquitous systems It also reports results obtained from a case study conducted to evaluate an application based on this model

A Quality Model for Human-Computer Interaction Evaluation in Ubiquitous Systems

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A Quality Model for Human-Computer Interaction Evaluation in Ubiquitous Systems