Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has emerged over the past decade as an efficient, non-destructive method to investigate various (eco-)physiological and morphological properties of plants. This work reviews the state-of-the-art of impedance spectra modeling for plant applications. In addition to covering the traditional, widely-used representations of electrochemical impedance spectra, we also consider the more recent machine-learning-based approaches. 

Plant impedance spectroscopy: a review of modeling approaches and applications

Crystal violet is a basic dye that is widely used by various industries, such as textiles and paints. These industries discharge their effluents, contaminated with crystal violet, into water streams, and these effluents have an adverse effect on aquatic organisms, the environment, and human health. Crystal violet is a basic dye that is widely used by various industries, such as textiles and paints. These industries discharge their effluents, contaminated with crystal violet, into water streams, and these effluents have an adverse effect on aquatic organisms, the environment, and human health. Hence, this paper is directed at studying the removal of crystal violet using environmentally friendly, cost-effective adsorbent materials such as raw fava bean (RFP-H3F), and chemically activated carbon (H3F) in comparison to commercial activated carbon (CAC).Various characterization techniques are applied, such as XRD, FT-IR,and SEM analyses. Then, the process of optimizing is shown through some preliminary experiments and a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) experiment to find the best conditions for removing crystal violet efficiently. Results revealed that the raw fava bean peels and the commercial activated carbon have the maximum removal efficiency of 95 %, and 83 % respectively, after 180 min of contact time. It is hypothesized that raw fava bean peels (RFP) and chemically activated carbon using phosphoric acid RFP-H3F will exhibit comparable efficiency in removing crystal violet when compared to commercial activated carbon (CAC). Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), are applied to analyze the properties of the adsorbent materials. Afterwards, the optimization process is displayed through some preliminary experiments followed by a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) experiment to obtain the optimum conditions, which achieve high crystal violet removal efficiency. The results demonstrate that both raw fava bean peels and commercial activated carbon exhibit significant removal efficiencies, with raw fava bean peels achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 95 % and commercial activated carbon achieving 83 %. 

Enhanced removal of crystal violet using rawfava bean peels, its chemically activated carbon compared with commercial activated carbon

Impedance spectroscopy has became an essential non-invasive tool for quality assessment measurements of the biochemical and biophysical changes in plant tissues. The electrical behaviour of biological tissues can be captured by fitting its bio-impedance data to a suitable circuit model. This paper investigates the use of power-law filters in circuit modelling of bio-impedance. The proposed models are fitted to experimental data obtained from eight different fruit types using a meta-heuristic optimization method (the Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA)). Impedance measurements are obtained using a Biologic SP150 electrochemical station, and the percentage error between the actual impedance and the fitted models’ impedance are reported. It is found that a circuit model consisting of a combination of two second-order power-law low-pass filters shows the least fitting error.

/pdf/plant-tissue-modelling-using-power-law-filters-3uhk6qc5.pdf

Plant Tissue Modelling Using Power-Law Filters

This work aims at providing a concise review of various agri-food models that employ fractional differential operators. In this context, various mathematical models based on fractional differential equations have been used to describe a wide range of problems in agri-food. As a result of this review, we found out that this new area of research is finding increased acceptance in recent years and that some reports have employed fractional operators successfully in order to model real-world data. Our results also show that the most commonly used differential operators in these problems are the Caputo, the Caputo–Fabrizio, the Atangana–Baleanu, and the Riemann–Liouville derivatives. Most of the authors in this field are predominantly from China and India.

/pdf/a-mini-review-on-recent-fractional-models-for-agri-food-3cll14bg.pdf

A Mini-Review on Recent Fractional Models for Agri-Food Problems

Abstract Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI), bimetallic Nano zero-valent iron-copper ( Fe 0 - Cu), and fava bean activated carbon-supported with bimetallic Nano zero-valent iron-copper (AC- F e 0 -Cu) were prepared and characterized by DLS, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. The influence of the synthesized adsorbents on the adsorption and removal of soluble anionic methyl orange (M.O) dye was investigated using UV-V spectroscopy. The influence of numerous operational parameters was studied at varied pH (3–9), time intervals (15–180 min), and dye concentrations (25–1000 ppm) to establish the best removal conditions. The maximum removal efficiency of M.O. using the prepared adsorbent materials reached about 99%. The removal efficiency is modeled using response surface methodology (RSM). The Bimetallic $$F{e}^{0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -Cu, the best experimental and predicted removal efficiency is 96.8% RE. For the H2SO4 chemical AC- $$F{e}^{0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -Cu, the best experimental and removal efficiency is 96.25% RE. The commercial AC-Fe0–Cu, the best experimental and predicted removal efficiency is 94.93%RE. This study aims to produce low-cost adsorbents such as Bimetallic Fe0-Cu, and Fava Bean Activated Carbon-Supported Bimetallic AC-Fe0-Cu to treat the industrial wastewater from the anionic methyl orange (M.O) dye and illustrate its ability to compete H2SO4 chemical AC-Fe0-Cu, and commercial AC-Fe0-Cu. 

/pdf/preparation-and-characterization-of-nzvi-bimetallic-fe0-cu-gxe7zubh.pdf

Preparation and Characterization of nZVI, Bimetallic Fe0-Cu, and Fava Bean Activated Carbon-Supported Bimetallic AC-F e0-Cu for Anionic Methyl Orange Dye Removal

Bio-impedance non-invasive measurement techniques usage is rapidly increasing in the agriculture industry. These measured impedance variations reflect tacit biochemical and biophysical changes of living and non-living tissues. Bio-impedance circuit modeling is an effective solution used in biology and medicine to fit the measured impedance. This paper proposes two new fractional-order bio-impedance plant stem models. These new models are compared with three commonly used bio-impedance fractional-order circuit models in plant modeling (Cole, Double Cole, and Fractional-order Double-shell). The two proposed models represent the characterization of the biological cellular morphology of the plant stem. Experiments are conducted on two samples of three different medical plant species from the family Lamiaceae, and each sample is measured at two inter-electrode spacing distances. Bio-impedance measurements are done using an electrochemical station (SP150) in the range of 100 Hz to 100 kHz. All employed models are compared by fitting the measured data to verify the efficiency of the proposed models in modeling the plant stem tissue. The proposed models give the best results in all inter-electrode spacing distances. Four different metaheuristic optimization algorithms are used in the fitting process to extract all models parameter and find the best optimization algorithm in the bio-impedance problems. 

/pdf/plant-stem-tissue-modeling-and-parameter-identification-qf9azzwr.pdf

Plant stem tissue modeling and parameter identification using metaheuristic optimization algorithms

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Plant stem tissue modeling and parameter identification using metaheuristic optimization algorithms