GSI plans to upgrade its accelerator facilities. A fast-pulsed synchrotron (rigidity 100 Tm, dipole field/ramp rate 2T/4T/s) is one of the main parts of the GSI future project. Superconducting magnets of the Nuclotron type are foreseen for this synchrotron. R&D work has been done in order to improve the DC field quality and to reduce the cryogenic AC losses. Linear 2-D calculations were used to optimize the pole shape of the dipole magnet. Consequently, a negative shimming was introduced. Subsequent nonlinear extension led to the introduction of air slits in the iron yoke which improved the field quality at higher levels. Nonlinear 3-D simulations were then used to optimize the homogeneity of the integral field, by varying the ratio between the yoke and coil length. We built a model magnet with this optimized iron lamination cross section. In order to reduce the AC losses, we used stainless steel end plates, low coercitivity iron, better insulated iron lamination sheets and reduced the superconductor filament size to 6 /spl mu/m. Various contributions to the losses of the magnet were analyzed. Numerical calculations of the eddy current effects due to field components perpendicular to the iron laminations at the end of the magnet showed that this part must not be neglected. The magnet test results are presented and compared with the expected field quality and losses.

Optimization of a superferric nuclotron type dipole for the GSI fast pulsed synchrotron

Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI) has proposed a large expansion of the existing facility in Darmstadt, Germany. The proposal includes an accelerator, SIS200, with rigidity of 200 T/spl middot/m that utilizes 4 T superconducting dipoles ramped at 1 T/s. An R&D program including both the superconductor and the magnet is directed at achieving the desired ramp rate with minimal energy loss. The RHIC arc dipoles, with 8 cm aperture, possess adequate aperture and field strength but are ramped at only 1/20 of the desired rate. However, for reasons of speed and economy, the RHIC dipole is being used as the basis for this work. The superconductor R&D has progressed far enough to permit the manufacture of an initial cable with satisfactory properties. This cable has been used in the construction of a 1 m model magnet, appropriately modified from the RHIC design. The magnet has been tested successfully at 2 T/s to 4.38 T.

/pdf/initial-test-of-a-fast-ramped-superconducting-model-dipole-2us4kgjl8u.pdf

Initial test of a fast-ramped superconducting model dipole for GSI'S proposed SIS200 accelerator

The new heavy ion synchrotron proposed by GSI will comprise two superconducting magnet rings in the same tunnel, having rigidities of 200 T.m and 100 T.m. Fast ramp times are needed, which can cause significant problems for the magnets, particularly in the areas of ac loss and field distortion. This paper discusses the 200 T.m ring, which will use Cos /spl theta/ magnets based on the RHIC dipole design. We describe options for the low loss Rutherford cable that will be used, together with a novel insulation scheme designed to promote efficient cooling. Measurements of contact resistance in the cable are presented and the results of these measurements are used to predict the ac losses, temperature rise and field distortion in the magnets during fast ramp operation.

Design studies on superconducting Cos /spl theta/ magnets for a fast pulsed synchrotron

Dynamic processes in a window-frame dipole with superconducting windings and a cold, laminated iron yoke have been investigated experimentally at JINR (Dubna, Russia), and theoretically at GSI (Darmstadt, Germany). The main aim of these investigations was a reduction of energy losses in the yoke during ramping. These losses are produced mainly by energy dissipation due to eddy currents and hysteresis effects in the laminations. Both effects were investigated theoretically. As a result, special end blocks were proposed to reduce eddy current losses. For eddy currents simulation we used a model developed at GSI and St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University (Russia). This model is based on an integro-differential approach to eddy currents in laminated structures and a volume integral method for the magnetization vector in ferromagnetic objects. To test this model, a series of experiments were performed at GSI on a normal conducting Heavy Ion Synchrotron dipole magnet. The magnetic field in the aperture of this magnet was controlled with a point coil during the current ramping in the winding. The same transient processes were simulated using software, developed on the basis of the integro-differential method. The theoretical calculations were in reasonable agreement with the measurements.

Investigation of the power losses in a laminated dipole magnet with superconducting coils

New results from the investigation of 2 T superferric model dipoles operating at 4 T/s, 1 Hz are presented. The works are performed within the R&D program on the design of the SIS100 synchrotron at GSI in Darmstadt. One of the main research goals is minimization of overall AC power losses in the magnet at 4 K level. Different modifications of the dipole were proposed and tested experimentally. By the present time, the losses are reduced to about 17 W/m of the magnet length, while the reference Nuclotron dipole produces about 38 W/m in the same operating mode. Essential design details of the model magnets are described and further R&D steps are outlined

New Results on Minimizing AC Power Losses in a Fast Cycling 2 T Superferric Dipole With a Cold Yoke

The concept for the new GSI accelerator facilities is based on a large synchrotron designed for operation at BR=200 Tm and with the short cycle-time of about one second to achieve high average beam intensities. Superconducting magnets may reduce considerably investment and operating costs in comparison with conventional magnets. A R&D program was initiated to develop these magnets for a maximum field of 2-4 Tesla and a ramp rate of 4 T/s. In collaboration with JINR (Dubna), the window-frame type Nuclotron dipole, which has been operated with 4 T/s at a maximum field of 2 Tesla, shall be developed to reduce heat losses and to improve the magnetic field quality. Another collaboration with BNL (Brookhaven) was established to develop the one-layer-coil cos/spl theta/-type RHIC arc dipole designed for operation at 3.5 Tesla with a rather slow ramp-rate of 0.07 T/s towards the design ramp-rate of 4 T/s. The design concepts for both R&D programs are reported.

/pdf/towards-fast-pulsed-superconducting-synchrotron-magnets-2dfp1tuhce.pdf

Towards fast-pulsed superconducting synchrotron magnets

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Towards fast-pulsed superconducting synchrotron magnets