Bilateral Orchiectomy With or Without Flutamide for Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in males and the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality in men with a relatively higher death rate in men of African descent. In the United States and other parts of Europe, more than 80% of diagnosed prostate cancer is localized, and 80-90% of these men receive some form of treatment. The projected data may not be a direct reflection of the disease in the sub-Saharan region as less than 40% presents with localized disease. Results from prostate cancer screening have shown that most African men in the sub-region have little knowledge of the disease. There are recommended international guidelines for the management of localized prostate cancer, however, a guideline in a local context could be ideal. World J Oncol. 2019;10(4-5):162-168 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjon1221

/pdf/a-review-of-localized-prostate-cancer-an-african-perspective-4vm586wah4.pdf

A Review of Localized Prostate Cancer: An African Perspective.

The estimated incidence rate of prostate cancer in Africa was 22.0/100,000 in 2016. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has cited prostate cancer as a growing health threat in Africa with approximated 28,006 deaths in 2010 and estimated 57,048 deaths in 2030. The exact incidence of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer is not known in sub-Saharan Africa. Hospital-based reports from the region have shown a rising trend with most patients presenting with advanced or metastatic disease. The management of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer is challenging. The available international guidelines may not be cost-effective for an African population. The most efficient approach in the region has been surgical castration by bilateral orchidectomy or pulpectomy. Medical androgen deprivation therapy is expensive and may not be available. Patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer tend to be palliated due to the absence or cost of chemotherapy or second-line androgen deprivation therapy in most of Africa. A cost-effective guideline for developing nations to address the rising burden of advanced prostate cancer is warranted at this moment.

/pdf/management-of-advanced-and-metastatic-prostate-cancer-a-need-33uvrpf4km.pdf

Management of Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Need for a Sub-Saharan Guideline

Background Histoplasmosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. The 2 variants Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (Hcc) and Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii (Hcd) causes infection in humans and commonly termed classical or American histoplasmosis and African histoplasmosis, respectively. Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum (Hcf) affects equines. In recent times, there have been heightened sensitization on fungal infections such as histoplasmosis in Africa, aimed at improving awareness among relevant stakeholders, particularly healthcare workers. This effort is expected to be paralleled with increased detection of both classical and African histoplasmosis, which has remained underdiagnosed over the years. In this narrative review, we describe the current perspectives of histoplasmosis in Africa, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest research priorities. Methods A PubMed, Google Scholar, and Africa Journal Online (AJOL) literature search was conducted for studies on histoplasmosis in Africa between 2000 and 2020. Histoplasmosis essays in medical mycology textbooks were also consulted. This narrative review was prepared from the data gathered. Findings In the past 2 decades, histoplasmosis in general has seen a relative increase in case detection in some Africa countries, probably attributable to the gradually increasing medical mycology advocacy efforts in Africa. Histoplasmosis cases are dominated by African histoplasmosis mostly in Western and Central Africa, while classical histoplasmosis is more common in Southern and Northern Africa. Although both classical and African histoplasmosis are common in Africa, the latter is more restricted to Africa, and cases outside the continent usually have a travel history to the continent. Despite the clinical and laboratory difference between African histoplasmosis and classical histoplasmosis, it is not straightforward to distinguish them. The typical manifestation of African histoplasmosis is the appearance of lesions affecting the skin, bones, and lymph nodes and unusually linked to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. By contrast, classical histoplasmosis mostly affects the lungs and is often associated with immunosuppression, mainly HIV/AIDS. The present perspectives of histoplasmosis in Africa highlight unclear details on the true burden, strain diversity, infection route and genetic basis of African histoplasmosis, availability of specie-specific diagnostic tools, and compliance with recommended antifungal therapy. These knowledge gaps represent research questions that require scientific exploration. Conclusions Despite a subtle increase in identifying histoplasmosis cases in Africa, it remains underdiagnosed and neglected in some parts of the continent. Increasing awareness and training among healthcare workers, bridging diagnostic and therapeutic gaps, and encouraging more research in Africa are crucial to improve the current perspectives of histoplasmosis in Africa.

Histoplasmosis in Africa: Current perspectives, knowledge gaps, and research priorities

The higher injury risk of abnormal kidneys in blunt renal trauma

https://www.ajol.info/index.php/aju/article/download/136856/126351

Profil épidémiologique, diagnostique, thérapeutique et évolutif du cancer de la prostate au Togo

Notre experience de la prise en charge de la fracture de verge au CHU de Lomé

https://www.ajol.info/index.php/aju/article/download/182269/171647

Morbidité et mortalité après adénomectomies prostatiques par voie transvésicale au CHU Kara (Togo)

Background: Open prostatectomy is the most
commonly available surgical procedure for benign prostatic hyperplasia and this
is the case in most countries in West African even with all the limitations of
the procedure Objective: The objective is to determine the pattern and
outcomes of open prostatectomy in Lome Patients & Methods: From December
2011 to November 2012, we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study on a
series of patients treated for prostate adenoma Dysuria was assessed using the
International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) The history of each patient was
recorded, as well as paraclinical data All patients were surgically treated
via abdominal incision procedure The data obtained included the patients’
demographics, clinical features, the IPSS scores, investigations, type of open
prostatectomy, outcome and follow-up The data were analyzed for means and frequencies
using Epi Info version 353 Results: Fifty-four consecutive patients
underwent surgery consecutively, their ages ranging from 40 to 92 years, with
an average of 6727 ± 1250 years In all, 46 (852%) patients presented with
obstructive symptoms and 26 (481%) presented with urinary retention The
average prostate volume was 11431 ± 2011 cm3 with a range of 31 - 485 cm3
The average blood loss at surgery was 42592 ± 382 ml with an average
operating time of 6605 ± 1575 mins and the main complications were
hemorrhaging and clot retention in 7 (13%), epididymo-orchitis in 9 (167%),
and urinary incontinence in 6 (111%) patients IPSS scores were under 7 in 92%
of patients three months after surgery and the mortality rate was 37%
Conclusion: This study has shown that open prostatectomy in our environment is
still the commonest surgical option for benign prostatic hyperplasia with good
outcomes though with manageable complications

/pdf/experience-with-open-prostatectomy-in-lome-togo-c9h245ilff.pdf

Experience with Open Prostatectomy in Lomé, Togo

Strangulation of the penis by a metal ring is not common in pediatric urology.1 However, it is practiced by adults in order to increase their sexual pleasure: auto-erotic stimulation. Few people with psychiatric trouble can also happen to put a metallic ring on their penis.2 Strangulation result in the reduction of distal blood flow, edema, ischemia and even in gangrene when the appropriate care is not taken urgently.1 This is a case report about a 10-year- old boy with a strangulated penis for 48 hours and we describe the method of treatment.

Observation
A 10-year-old boy in third grade was admitted to the Lome-Commune Regional Hospital Center (RHC) for penis basis strangulation for 48 hours. The child put a ring at the basis of his penis out of curiosity and the parents have realized it only 48 hours later. They tried to remove it at home but could not.

The child is the elder of three healthy siblings. He has never been hospitalized and carried no physical defects.

At admission, the temperature was 37° 5C, the blood pressure: 110/70 mm Hg, pulse rate: 98/minute. The conjunctives were well coloured and not icteric. The child was fully conscious, with a Glasgow scale at 15 and a eupnoea breathing.

A ring of about 3 cm in diameter strangulated the basis of the penis with a large edema. Fortunately, the skin is still alive, but less sensitive due to edema (Fig. 1). There was no retention of urine. The other apparatus were normal. We used 10 cc syringe to perform puncture-aspiration of the glans under general anesthesia in order to reduce the edema. Lubrication of the ring was then performed using red povidone iodine. The extraction was done by progressive decompressions on the distal part (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). Postoperatively, the patient was treated with clavulanic acid and amoxicillin at 500 mg twice daily and morniflumate suppository 400 mg twice daily. Due to a lack of financial means, the Doppler echo of the penile vessels which should help to assess the state of the penile vascularization was not realized. He was referred to a clinical psychologist who, after his examination, recognize that it was an isolated act.






Open in a separate window


Fig. 1


Metallic ring at the basis of the penis.

Strangulation of the penis by a metal ring: An uncommon accident in a child.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

E.V. Sewa

Author Tools

Chat about Author