A new tunnel of 80–100 km circumference could host a 100 TeV centre-of-mass energy-frontier proton collider (FCC-hh/VHE-LHC), with a circular lepton collider (FCCee/TLEP) as potential intermediate step, and a leptonhadron collider (FCC-he) as additional option. FCC-ee, operating at four different energies for precision physics of the Z, W, and Higgs boson and the top quark, represents a significant push in terms of technology and design parameters. Pertinent R&D efforts include the RF system, topup injection scheme, optics design for arcs and final focus, effects of beamstrahlung, beam polarization, energy calibration, and power consumption. FCC-hh faces other challenges, such as high-field magnet design, machine protection and effective handling of large synchrotron radiation power in a superconducting machine. All these issues are being addressed by a global FCC collaboration. A parallel design study in China prepares for a similar, but smaller collider, called CepC/SppC.

/pdf/challenges-for-highest-energy-circular-colliders-w0iwuhjnpj.pdf

Challenges for Highest Energy Circular Colliders

ReBCO high temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductor tapes are a promising candidate for pushing the magnetic fields in accelerator magnets well beyond 20 T. They are capable of very high current densities in intense applied magnetic field, have a very high thermal stability, can withstand high transverse pressures and allow operation in 20-30 K helium gas flow, potentially reducing operating cost significantly. During the EuCARD2 program, significant developments have been made in terms of coil design, manufacturing, and testing. Now that EuCARD2 has come to an end, CERN and collaborators are initiating a new program to continue the development of HTS accelerator magnets. This paper presents our initial thoughts on the conceptual design of a 20 T+ accelerator magnet, using the results and technologies from EuCARD2 combined with some new ideas. The paper discusses the options available for the cross-sectional layout, the use of a hybrid configurations, including Aligned Block, the design of the coil-ends and dual aperture configurations. Also, discussed is the quench protection of the magnets. Due to the high thermal stability of the conductor and high energy densities, it will be required to explore an entirely a new approach.

Toward REBCO 20 T+ Dipoles for Accelerators

Keywords: Electron cloud ; LHC ; HL-LHC ; HE-LHC ; VHE-LHC ; Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) ; Scrubbing ; Electron cloud map formalism ; Luminosity performance ; Integrated luminosity These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 6017 (2014)Programme doctoral PhysiqueFaculte des sciences de baseInstitut de physique de l'energie et des particulesLaboratoire de physique des accelerateurs de particulesJury: Prof. N. Grandjean (president), Prof. L. Rivkin, Dr F. Zimmermann (directeurs), Dr. O. Bruning, Prof. K. Oide, Prof. T. Nakada (rapporteurs) Public defense: 2014-1-13 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-6017Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2013-12-31, modified on 2017-05-12

/pdf/electron-cloud-studies-for-the-lhc-and-future-proton-bxei0yadw0.pdf

Electron cloud studies for the LHC and future proton colliders

Protection against the effects of a quench is a crucial challenge for 16-T-class superconducting dipole magnets for a future 100-TeV Hadron collider. To avoid damage due to overheating of the coil's hot spot, heat generated during the quench has to be homogeneously distributed in the winding pack by quickly and uniformly transferring to the normal-state voluminous coil sections. Conventional protection systems rely on quench heaters placed on the outer surfaces of the coils. However, this technique has to confront significant challenges in order to achieve the fast transitions required by high magnetic field magnets. The recently developed coupling-loss-induced quench (CLIQ) utilizes interfilament coupling loss as an effective intrawire heat deposition mechanism, which, in principle, is faster than thermal diffusion. Furthermore, the CLIQ technology is based on simple and robust electrical components in contact with the coil only in a limited number of easily accessible and well-insulated points. Hence, expected occurrence of failure and electrical breakdown is significantly reduced. As a case study, the design of a CLIQ-based protection system for a 14-m-long 16-T Nb 3Sn block-coil dipole magnet is demonstrated here. Various magnet design features can be adjusted to improve CLIQ performance and optimize its integration in the magnet system. CLIQ provides future magnet designers with a solution for a very effective, yet electrically robust, quench protection system, resulting in better magnet performance and lower cost than would be possible with a traditional approach to magnet protection.

/pdf/quench-protection-of-a-16-t-block-coil-dipole-magnet-for-a-2uzdqim1m4.pdf

Quench Protection of a 16-T Block-Coil Dipole Magnet for a 100-TeV Hadron Collider Using CLIQ

We use an effective Lagrangian approach to address the question of the dynamics of electroweak symmetry breaking in the Standard Model (SM) and its relation to the hierarchy problem. Composite Higgs models provide a solution by describing the recently discovered Higgs-like scalar particle as a composite pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson that dissolves into its constituents above a certain high energy scale. We discuss many features of the low energy description of composite Higgs models and present an explicit realisation in a flat extra dimension showing explicitly that top partners with masses below 1TeV are expected in a natural theory. Naturalness requires New Physics not much above the weak scale and hence motivates the search for direct and indirect evidence of physics beyond the SM at the LHC and future colliders. As an indirect probe at the LHC, we propose a dedicated analysis of single top production in association with a Higgs boson to lift the degeneracy in the sign of the top Yukawa coupling. We move on to an extensive study of WW scattering, double and triple Higgs production at future linear colliders to estimate their impact on the parameter space of a strongly interacting Higgs boson. Direct probes of New Physics at the LHC include the search for heavy vectors and fermions. We introduce a model-independent strategy to study narrow resonances which we apply to a heavy vector triplet of the SM for illustration. We conclude by summarising current constraints and the expected reach of future colliders on the parameter space of a minimal composite Higgs model. This thesis is based on the papers in Refs. [1–4].

Effective Lagrangian Perspectives on Electroweak Symmetry Breaking

/pdf/high-energy-lhc-document-prepared-for-the-european-hep-32dxj2u1fw.pdf

High Energy LHC Document prepared for the European HEP strategy update

The Higher-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) should collide two proton beams of 16.5-TeV energy, circulating in the LHC tunnel. We discuss the main parameter choices, as well as some optics and beam dynamics issues, in particular the time evolution of emittances, beam-beam tune shift and luminosity, with and without controlled emittance blow up, considering various constraints, and the quadrupole-magnet parameters for arcs and interaction regions.

HE-LHC beam-parameters, optics and beam-dynamics issues

The Higher-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) should collide two proton beams of 16.5-TeV energy, circulating in the LHC tunnel. We discuss the main parameter choices, as well as some optics and beam dynamics issues, in particular the time evolution of emittances, beam-beam tune shift and luminosity, with and without controlled emittance blow up, considering various constraints, and the quadrupolemagnet parameters for arcs and interaction regions.

/pdf/he-lhc-beam-parameters-optics-and-beam-dynamics-issues-3mrdfs73e2.pdf

The luminosity upgrade will require major changes in the LHC machine layout: about 1.2 km of the machine will undergo major renovation or modification. In the paper we will review the list of main equipment foreseen to be replaced or to be added. We will review the upgrade plan that should start already in the Long Shutdown (LS) 2 (with the installation of the first dispersion suppressor 11T dipole – collimator unit, the superconducting link in Point 7 and the cryo-plant in Point 4), through to the major works in LS3, synchronized with an upgrade of the LHC detectors. Best estimates of the required duration of the various shutdowns will be discussed, and also the main risks and their mitigation.

/pdf/how-to-implement-all-hl-lhc-upgrades-321g0fjpea.pdf

How to implement all HL-LHC upgrades

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High Energy LHC Document prepared for the European HEP strategy update

HE-LHC beam-parameters, optics and beam-dynamics issues

HE-LHC beam-parameters, optics and beam-dynamics issues

How to implement all HL-LHC upgrades