The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider has collected several hundred million cosmic ray events during 2008 and 2009. These data were used to commission the Muon Spectrometer and to study the performance of the trigger and tracking chambers, their alignment, the detector control system, the data acquisition and the analysis programs. We present the performance in the relevant parameters that determine the quality of the muon measurement. We discuss the single element efficiency, resolution and noise rates, the calibration method of the detector response and of the alignment system, the track reconstruction efficiency and the momentum measurement. The results show that the detector is close to the design performance and that the Muon Spectrometer is ready to detect muons produced in high energy proton-proton collisions.

/pdf/commissioning-of-the-atlas-muon-spectrometer-with-cosmic-198fht12mm.pdf

Commissioning of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with Cosmic Rays

The ATLAS Level-1 Muon Barrel Trigger is one of the main elements of the first stage of event selection of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The challenge of the Level-1 system is a reduction of the event rate from a collision rate of 40 MHz by a factor 103, using simple algorithms that can be executed in highly parallel custom electronics with a latency of the order of 1 ?s. The input stage of the Level-1 Muon consists of an array of processors receiving the full granularity of data from a dedicated detector (Resistive Plate Chambers in the Barrel). This first stage of the algorithm is performed directly on-detector, while the final stage is performed in boards mounted in the counting room, by the so-called off-detector electronics. The trigger algorithm is executed within a fixed latency, its real-time output is the multiplicity of muon candidates passing a set of programmable pT thresholds, and their topological information. The detector system and the trigger electronics are designed to achieve a safe bunch-crossing identification. In order to optimize design effort and cost, the trigger system integrates also the readout of the detector, with its own requirements on time resolution and overall data bandwidth. We present the detailed functional requirements of the Level-1 Muon Barrel system, its architecture, implementation and construction.

/pdf/the-level-1-trigger-muon-barrel-system-of-the-atlas-1hhxzvooqy.pdf

The Level-1 Trigger Muon Barrel System of the ATLAS experiment at CERN

The ATLAS Level-1 Trigger is the first stage of event selection for the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The Level-1 Trigger is implemented with custom-built electronics, and is designed to identify the interesting collision events to be passed on to the next selection stage, reaching a decision within a latency of less than 2.5 μs. Signals from the Calorimeter and Muon Trigger System are combined in the Central Trigger Processor which processes the overall L1 Accept (L1A) decision. The Level-1 Trigger identifies event features such as missing transverse energy, candidate electrons, photons, jets and muons. This paper presents how the Level-1 Trigger System has performed in 2011 and early 2012, covering techniques used to cope with the increasing LHC luminosity. This paper also covers some of the Level-1 Trigger upgrade plans with respect to managing the increasingly demanding LHC running conditions.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/396/1/012010/pdf

The ATLAS Level-1 Trigger System

The main goal of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is the study of the properties of the matter at very high temperatures and energy densities. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts in these conditions the existence of a new phase of the matter whose components are deconfined in a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Heavy quarks (charm e bottom) are produced in the first stages of the collisions, before to interact with the medium. Therefore, the measurement of the quarkonia (cc and bb mesons) is of particular interest for the study of the QGP: their dissociation mainly due to the colour screening is sensible to the initial temperature of the medium. Previous measurements at the SPS and RHIC allowed to understand some characteristics of the system produced, but they also opened many questions. With an energy 14 times higher than RHIC, the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) at CERN opened a new era for the study of the QGP properties. ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC experiment fully dedicated to the study of the Quark-Gluon Plasma produced in Pb-Pb collisions at an energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon. The experiment also participates to the proton-proton data taking in order to obtain the fundamental reference for the study of ion-ion and proton-ion collisions and for testing the predictions at very small Bjorken-x values of the perturbative QCD. Quarkonia, D and B mesons and light vector mesons are measured at forward rapidity by a Muon Spectrometer exploiting their (di)muonic decay. This detector is composed of a front absorber, a dipole magnet, five stations of tracking (Muon Tracking) and two stations of trigger (Muon Trigger). The work presented in this thesis has been carried out from 2011 to 2013 during the first period of data taking of ALICE. After a detailed introduction of the heavy-ion physics and a description of the experimental setup, the performance of the Muon Trigger in Pb–Pb collisions are shown. A particular attention is devoted to the stability of the detector during the time and to the trigger effectiveness. Moreover, the cluster size, corresponding to the number of adjacent strips hit by a particle, is studied as a function of different variables. The experimental results will be compared to simulations in order to obtain a good parametrization of this phenomenon. Finally, the C production in Pb-Pb collisions is carefully analysed and compared to that in pp collisions at the same energy. The results are then compared to the J/ψ measurements obtained by ALICE, to the CMS results and to some theoretical predictions.

/pdf/probing-the-quark-gluon-plasma-from-bottomonium-production-59bru27n6v.pdf

Probing the Quark-Gluon Plasma from bottomonium production at forward rapidity with ALICE at the LHC

報告番号: 甲26653 ; 学位授与年月日: 2011-03-24 ; 学位の種別: 課程博士 ; 学位の種類: 博士(理学) ; 学位記番号: 博理第5598号 ; 研究科・専攻: 理学系研究科物理学専攻

Measurement of the Weak Boson Production Cross Section in the Events with Muons in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

The ATLAS first level trigger is designed to reduce the LHC interaction rate from 1 GHz to 75–100 kHz. The first level muon trigger in the barrel is described together with test beam results and current commissioning and integration status at CERN.

The RPC first level muon trigger in the barrel of the ATLAS experiment

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The RPC first level muon trigger in the barrel of the ATLAS experiment