The Collective Article “New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records” of the Mediterranean Marine Science journal offers the means to publish biodiversity records in the Mediterranean Sea. The current article is divided per countries, listed according to a Mediterranean west-east geographic position. New biodiversity data are reported for 7 different countries, although one species hereby reported from Malta is overall new for the entire Mediterranean basin, and is presumably present also in Israel and Lebanon (see below in Malta). Italy: the rare native fish Gobius kolombatovici is first reported from the Ionian Sea, whilst the alien jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica and the alien fish Oplegnathus fasciatus are first reported from the entire country. The presence of O. fasciatus from Trieste is concomitantly the first for the entire Adriatic Sea. Finally, the alien bivalve Arcuatula senhousia is hereby first reported from Campania (Tyrrhenian Sea). Tunisia: a bloom of the alien crab Portunus segnis is first reported from the Gulf of Gabes, from where it was considered as casual. Malta: the alien flatworm Maritigrella fuscopunctata is first recorded from the Mediterranean Sea on the basis of 25 specimens. At the same time, web researches held possible unpublished records from Israel and Lebanon. The alien crab P. segnis , already mentioned above, is first formally reported from Malta based on specimens collected in 1972. Concomitantly, the presence of Callinectes sapidus in Maltese waters is excluded since based on misidentifications. Greece: the Atlantic northern brown shrimp Penaeus atzecus , previously known from the Ionian Sea from sporadic records only, is now well established in Greek and international Ionian waters. The alien sea urchin Diadema setosum is reported from the second time from Greece, and its first record date from the country is backdated to 2010 in Rhodes Island. The alien lionfish Pterois miles is first reported from Greece and concomitantly from the entire Aegean Sea. Turkey: the alien rhodophyte Antithamnion hubbsii is first recorded from Turkey and the entire eastern Mediterranean. New distributional data are also offered for the native fishes Alectis alexandrina and Heptranchias perlo . In particular, the former record is constituted by a juvenile of 21.38 mm total length, whilst the latter by a mature male. Cyprus: the rare native cephalopod Macrotritopus defilippi , and the alien crab Atergatis roseus , sea slug Plocamopherus ocellatus and fish Cheilodipterus novemstriatus are first recorded from the entire country. Lebanon: the alien crabs Actaea savignii and Matuta victor , as well as the alien fish Synanceia verrucosa , are first recorded from the entire country. In addition, the first Mediterranean record of A. savignii is backdated to 2006, whilst the high number of M. victor specimens observed in Lebanon first suggest its establishment in the basin. The Atlantic fishes Paranthias furcifer and Seriola fasciata , and the circumtropical Rachycentron canadum , are also first reported from the country. P. furcifer record backdate its presence in the Mediterranean to 2007, whilst S. fasciata records backdate its presence in the eastern Mediterranean to 2005. Finally, two of these latter species have been recently ascribed to alien species, but all the three species may better fit the cryptogenic category, if not a new one.

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New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (October 2015)

Non-native lionfish have invaded mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) across the western Atlantic and are in the early stages of invading mesophotic depths in the Mediterranean Sea. Records of invasive lionfish at mesophotic depths from both non-native ranges are reviewed herein, including from 15 distinct countries/geographic areas in the western Atlantic region and 6 eastern Mediterranean countries. Lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles) generally occur at high densities on many western Atlantic upper MCEs (30–60 m), with the highest abundances associated with areas of greater structural complexity. Despite several studies reporting lionfish on lower MCEs (60–150 m) and the deep sea (>200 m), there has been little quantification of these deeper lionfish populations. There is currently conflicting evidence whether MCE lionfish populations represent extensions of shallow reef ontogenetic migrations. While many studies report larger lionfish on MCEs than adjacent shallow habitat, these are often confounded by the presence of shallow reef lionfish culling. Several studies have directly quantified invasive lionfish impacts on MCEs, which all record lionfish causing declines in fish abundance or diversity on western Atlantic upper MCEs. No studies have quantified lionfish impacts on reefs >91 m depth. While lionfish control measures for MCEs, such as culling and trapping, are increasingly being adopted, there is currently little evidence these mitigate lionfish impacts on MCEs.

Invasive Lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles): Distribution, Impact, and Management

Toxicological risks on the human health of populations living around the Mediterranean Sea linked to the invasion of non-indigenous marine species from the Red Sea: A review.

The lionfish expansion in the Aegean Sea in Turkey: A looming potential ecological disaster

The lionfish Pterois miles (Bennett 1828) was observed by scuba diving in August 2015 at 11 m depth on sandy bottom in Dalyan on the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey. This is a lessepsian species entering the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal. All urgent measures such as killing, eliminating and fishing are proposed to avoid the expansion of this venomous fish species in the Turkish waters and adjacent area. Kewwords: Aegean Sea, lessepsian migration, Pterois miles, Suez Canal,Turkey Since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, connecting the Indo-Pacific Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, the Mediterranean Sea has been colonized by species of Indo-Pacific origin, which process is called lessepsian migration (Öztürk and Turan 2012). Although the number of lessepsian species was initially low, their number has increased especially during the last decade (Turan et al. 2010; 2011). The Lionfish Pterois miles (Bennett 1828) is a species commonly found in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea (Froese and Pauly 2014). They are usually found in reef fish communities (Green and Côté 2009; Morris and Whitfield 2009; Kulbicki et al. 2012) and generally found in water depths from 25 to 85 m on hard bottom, coral reefs and artificial substrate, sometimes found under ledges and hiding in crevices (Hare and Whitfield 2003). Adult P. miles specimens can reach the maximum size of 35 cm in standard length (Sommer et al. 1996; Dorsal anal and pelvic fin spines of P. miles are highly venomous that may cause injury and fatalities for divers and fishermen (Sommer et al. 1996; Schofiel 2009).

First record of the lionfish Pterois miles (Bennett 1828) from the Aegean Sea.

An expected marine alien fish caught at the coast of Northern Cyprus: Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828)

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An expected marine alien fish caught at the coast of Northern Cyprus: Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828)