Recent advances in phthalocyanines for chemical sensor, non-linear optics (NLO) and energy storage applications

Recent advances in the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of phthalocyanines: A review

The photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of a μ-oxo-bridged phthalocyanine heterodimer, i.e., [tBu4PcGa-O-InPctBu4] (5), where gallium is located in one macrocycle and indium is on the other macrocycle and the two metal atoms are connected through oxygen, have been described. Its photophysical properties are compared with the dimers: [tBu4PcGa]2O (3) and [tBu4PcIn]2O (4). The very small shifts of Q- and B-bands for all μ-oxo Pc dimers 3-5 relative to the starting materials tBu4PcGaCl (1) and tBu4PcInCl (2) is indicative of a very weak interaction between two phthalocyanine rings in the ground state. The deactivation processes of the excited singlet state of (5) occur independently for tBu4PcGa-O-moiety and tBu4PcIn-O-moiety. Dimerization in the manner of (5) has no advantages over (3) and (4) from the point of view of optical limiting as it does not increase the ratio of the excited to ground state absorption cross sections nor does it reduce the saturation energy density (FSat). However if one were trying to fabricate a device with successive layers of increasing saturation energy density it may be useful as it does exhibit a different FSat to that found for the other compounds.

Photophysical And Nonlinear Optical Properties Of µ-Oxo-Bridged Indium And Gallium Phthalocyanines

Comparative nonlinear optics and optical limiting properties of metallophthalocyanines

The metal-free (H2TPrOPhOPc), cobalt (CoTPrOPhOPc) and manganese (Mn(OAc)TPrOPhOPc) tetra propargyloxyphenoxy phthalocyanines were evaluated for their potential as optical limiting materials. The effect of the substituents and the central metal ions on the nonlinear optical properties was evaluated. The metal-free phthalocyanine exhibited better nonlinear optical properties when compared to the cobalt and manganese complexes owing to the metal ions quenching the excited state due to their half-filled d-orbitals. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff, ×10−5 m MW−1) followed the trend of H2TPrOPhOPc > CoTPrOPhOPc > Mn(OAc)TPrOPhOPc. The values βeff (×10−5 m MW−1) using 532 nm Nd:YAG (560 nm monochromatic Ekspla) laser sources were 23.5 > 14.3 > 9.20 (14.4). The second-order nonlinear coefficient obtained using density functional theory calculations, the theoretical hyper-Rayleigh scattering (βHRS, ×10−28 esu), showed the decreasing trend for H2TPrOPhOPc (2.28) > CoTPrOPhOPc (2.10) > Mn(OAc)TPrOPhOPc (1.86). The 4-(propargyloxy)phenoxy substituents enhanced the optical limiting properties of the synthesized phthalocyanines.

The effect of the cobalt and manganese central metal ions on the nonlinear optical properties of tetra(4-propargyloxyphenoxy)phthalocyanines

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The effect of the cobalt and manganese central metal ions on the nonlinear optical properties of tetra(4-propargyloxyphenoxy)phthalocyanines