https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/files/144337654/A_Shokrani_JMP_Authors.pdf

Investigation of the effects of cryogenic machining on surface integrity in CNC end milling of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy

Purpose of reviewSarcoidosis, the multiorgan granulomatous disease of unknown cause, remains mysterious Several important investigations in the past 2 years add to the accumulating evidence for both occupational and environmental causes of granulomatous inflammationRecent findingsThis review consi

Occupational causes of sarcoidosis.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) include more than 160 ubiquitous, environmental, acid-fast-staining bacterial species, some of which may cause disease in humans. Chronic pulmonary infection is the most common clinical manifestation. Although patients suffering from chronic lung diseases are particularly susceptible to NTM pulmonary disease, many affected patients have no apparent risk factors. Host and pathogen factors leading to NTM pulmonary disease are not well understood and preventive therapies are lacking. NTM isolation and pulmonary disease are reported to rise in frequency in Europe as well as in other parts of the world. Differentiation between contamination, infection, and disease remains challenging. Treatment of NTM pulmonary disease is arduous, lengthy, and costly. Correlations between results of in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing and clinical treatment outcomes are only evident for the Mycobacterium avium complex, M. kansasii, and some rapidly growing mycobacteria. We describe the epidemiology of NTM pulmonary disease as well as emerging NTM pathogens and their geographical distribution in non-cystic fibrosis patients in Europe. We also review recent innovations for the diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease, summarize treatment recommendations, and identify future research priorities to improve the management of patients affected by NTM pulmonary disease.

/pdf/pulmonary-disease-caused-by-non-tuberculous-mycobacteria-3tl7f27492.pdf

Pulmonary Disease Caused by Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria

Introduction Potential demographic risk factors for outbreaks of respiratory disease due to water-based metalworking fluids (MWFs) were investigated through systematic review of published outbreak investigations. Methods Search terms were selected by a multidisciplinary team, assisted by an experienced library information service. Several computerized literature databases were searched for articles published between January 1990 and October 2011, relating to ill health outbreaks due to MWFs. Papers meeting the search criteria were reviewed in detail, and their references checked for additional articles. Study design and demographic details of the outbreak were extracted from the selected articles and entered into standardized evidence tables. Results Thirty-five articles relating to investigations of 27 outbreaks of respiratory ill health attributed to MWF exposure were identified. The majority of reports were case series of disease or observational cross-sectional studies of symptoms and hygiene measurements. Eight of the outbreak investigations included an element of case-control analysis. Most outbreaks were from the USA, had occurred in large car- or aeronautical-manufacturing plants, and were associated with the use of central shared sumps. Hygiene studies have not demonstrated consistent risk factors for respiratory outbreaks, in terms of the type of MWF utilized, degree of microbial contamination, or levels of personal exposure. Six studies were identified that found workers with MWF exposure during outbreaks were more likely to report respiratory or systemic symptoms than unexposed control workers. Six case-control analyses were also identified that found workers with extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) were more likely to demonstrate certain immune responses to microbial contaminants and/or used MWFs than workers without EAA. Conclusion Despite a number of detailed workplace and immunological studies of asthma and alveolitis outbreaks in MWF-exposed workforces, our understanding of their aetiology remains limited.

/pdf/systematic-review-of-respiratory-outbreaks-associated-with-6lch681asu.pdf

Systematic review of respiratory outbreaks associated with exposure to water-based metalworking fluids

Management of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in the elderly

To the Editors:

We read with interest the article published by Tillie-Leblond et al. [1] relating to hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in French automobile workers exposed to metalworking fluids (MWFs). Our group was involved in the UK outbreak investigation referenced in their article [2, 3], and have a clinical and research interest in this area.

Whilst Tillie-Leblond et al. [1] are correct in stating that the majority of MWF-HP outbreaks have occurred in the USA, the UK Powertrain and French outbreaks are not the only ones to have occurred in Europe. We have provided scientific support to three other similar outbreaks in the UK, all with confirmed cases of MWF-HP [4, 5]. In addition, we have diagnosed single cases of MWF-HP or asthma in workers from at least five other workplaces close to our occupational lung disease clinic. We are also aware of a published respiratory outbreak from Croatia [ …

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/38/2/486.full.pdf

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and metalworking fluids contaminated by mycobacteria

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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and metalworking fluids contaminated by mycobacteria