The equilibrium use of energy is very important for wireless sensor networks (WSN) with limited energy in order to avoid premature network collapse. The existing methods either need too complex calculations for precise clustering, or are too simple to overburden a few cluster heads. In order to solve these problems, we proposed energy balanced clustering routing (EBCR) in this paper. It could maximize the WSN life in energy non-harvesting scenario or improve energy utilization efficiency in energy harvesting scenario without increasing the amount of calculations. It gives a complete solution to the process of cluster head election, clustering, and intercluster routing algorithm. Firstly, a light weight cluster head election and a distributed cluttering method are proposed by introducing dynamic cluster radius and intersection region node division schemes with new principles. Thus, lightweight distributed clustering achieves the advantages of balancing the burden of cluster heads and alleviating hot zone problem. Then we optimized the cluster cooperative routing algorithm by analyzing cooperation and competition among cluster heads. The intercluster cooperative routing algorithm greatly improves the transmission efficiency between cluster heads. Moreover, this paper analyzes the reasons why the algorithm achieves more balanced energy usage, higher energy efficiency, and fewer calculations compared to the existing mainstream algorithms. At last, simulation results show that EBCR algorithm has advantages in terms of network energy consumption, number of surviving nodes in energy non-harvesting scenario compared with the delay-constrained energy-efficient cluster-based multi-hop routing (DCEM) method. Simulation also gives EBCR algorithm performance under various energy harvesting scenarios, which is quite satisfactory in energy utilization efficiency comparing with DCEM method. EBCR algorithm has superior performance in terms of balanced energy usage, low computation complexity, and high energy efficiency.

/pdf/simplified-clustering-and-improved-intercluster-cooperation-29f9t48g68.pdf

Simplified clustering and improved intercluster cooperation approach for wireless sensor network energy balanced routing

Recent advances in wireless sensor networks (WSN) over the last two decades has an more interest in the potential use in applications like combat field, security surveillance, border protection, disaster management. Moreover, researchers have termed the 21st century as the “Sensor Decade” Sensor nodes are remotely deployed in large numbers and expected to operate autonomously in harsh environments [3]. Now-a-days routing protocols are acting as designed, where essential designing issue is energy. In this paper, the survey on current routing protocols for sensor networks along with their classification and approaches is done. Each routing protocol is described under the appropriate category followed by possible future research areas.

/pdf/survey-on-wsn-routing-protocols-556uooq2ar.pdf

Survey on WSN Routing Protocols

Approaches in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has gained the availability of small and low-cost sensor nodes with sensing capability of various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. In wireless sensor networks have conduct to many new protocols particularly designed for sensor networks where energy awareness is an essential issue? Most of the observation, however, has been given to the routing protocols since they just differ depending on the application and network architecture. This paper surveys recent routing protocols for sensor networks and presents a classification [2] for the various approaches pursued. There are three main types data-centric, hierarchical and location-based.the only one type explored in this paper is hierarchical. Each hierarchical routing protocol is described.

/pdf/survey-on-hierarchical-cluster-routing-protocols-of-wsn-318x0kh5zu.pdf

Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Routing Protocols of WSN

WSN (wireless sensor network) consists of thousands of sensor nodes which have limited energy, memory, and computation capability. In some of extreme environment, it becomes difficult to replace the sensor nodes once they used up the resources. Therefore, many researchers in this field focus on how to design an efficient routing protocol to prolong the life span of the network. The hierarchical protocols such as LEACH and LEACH-C have better performance in saving the energy consumption. However, neglecting the choosing formula of CHs and non-CHs makes the consumption of too much energysH. In order to reduce the energy consumption, we improve the tradition method used for selecting cluster heads. Meanwhile, we establish a vice cluster head for each cluster to reduce the energy consumption and prolong the lifetime. Hence, simulations show that our improved protocol performs better than the LEACH and the LEACH-C.

Improved LEACH Routing Communication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks are those networks in which communication is carried out through a wireless channel. A sensor network is a group of specialized transducers intended to monitor and record conditions at diverse locations. These parameters are temperature, humidity, pressure, speed, intensity, vibration-sound intensity, PIV, etc. The numbers of towers in the area act as sensors are called nodes in wireless sensor networks. Thus from one node to another, communication is carried out without any physical link. A network consists of numbers of nodes with one as a source and one as a destination. This paper proposed A-LEACH protocol and cluster member-elect cluster head to avoid excessive energy consumption. Cluster Head is responsible for creating and manipulating a TDMA schedule & sending aggregated data from nodes to the BS where this data is needed using CDMA. Gateway is a network point that reduces the distance between CH and BS in WSNs. This paper proposed a multiple hops data transmission and make energy-efficient and energy conservative protocol design to increase the data rate.

/pdf/heterogeneous-leach-in-3-dimensional-wireless-sensor-network-51iruvcx4g.pdf

Heterogeneous Leach in 3-dimensional Wireless Sensor Network using gateway

-------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------------------Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a new and fast advancing technology, which is opening up many opportunities in the field of remote sensing and data monitoring. Even though the advances in embedded systems, the energy consumption is still open issue in WSNs. Recently there has been growing interest in the applications of sensor networks. The radio transmission and reception consumes a lot of energy, one of the important issues in wireless sensor network is the inherent limited battery power within network sensor nodes. Since sensors are generally constrained in on-board energy supply, efficient management of the network is crucial in extending the life of the sensor. In addition to maximizing the lifespan of sensor nodes, it is preferable to distribute the energy dissipated throughout the wireless sensor network in order to maximize overall network performance. In this paper, the focus is mainly driven over the survey of the hierarchical cluster-based available routings in Wireless Sensor Network for energy consumption. Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is one of the best hierarchical protocols utilizing the probabilistic model to manage the energy consumption of WSN. Simulation results, shows the energy consumption over time of three nodes with distance to the Base Station.

/pdf/a-cluster-based-routing-protocol-in-wireless-sensor-network-2x1fu9sq8y.pdf

A Cluster Based Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network for Energy

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A Cluster Based Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network for Energy