MORFEO (formerly known as MAORY) is a post-focal adaptive optics module that forms part of the first light instrument suite for the Extreme Large Telescope (ELT). The project passed the Preliminary Design Review in two stages in April and July 2021 and is now entering the Final Design Phase. In this paper we report the status of the project.

MAORY/MORFEO at ELT: general overview up to the preliminary design and a look towards the final design

The use of aberration-theory-based approaches to optical design has been in decline ever since the development of good ray tracing software. However, as will be shown, the insights and conceptually accessible solution spaces offered by certain forms of third-order analysis of optical systems can still turn up powerful and original design concepts, that have been missed by generations of "ray-tracers". In this paper a series of surprising developments are made with respect to a wellknown optical relay. Novel solutions found by aberration-theory based approaches shall punctuate this talk, so justifying the main premise.

Aberration theory-based approaches to optical design

Formerly known as MAORY [1][2][3], “MORFEO” (Multiconjugate adaptive Optics Relay For ELT Observations) is a post-focal adaptive optics module for the ELT designed to help compensate for distortions caused by turbulence in the Earth’s atmosphere that shall provide two exit ports: one for MICADO and one for a second instrument. This module, able to compensate the wave-front disturbances affecting the scientific observations, will be installed on the Nasmyth platform of the ELT telescope at the straight-through focus, and shall re-image the telescope focal plane to MICADO (the first light imager of the ELT) and in a second instrument port. In this paper we give a general overview of the mechanical design for MORFEO Main Structure (MMS) in the configuration presented for the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) in the first half of 2021, showing the proposed technical solutions for the MMS to fulfill the System requirements.

Mechanical design overview for the main structure of MAORY/MORFEO

MORFEO, formerly known with the acronym MAORY, is the Multi-Conjugated Adaptive Optics (MCAO) module for the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). MORFEO is designed to feed the Near Infrared (NIR) camera MICADO with both MCAO and Single-Conjugated AO (SCAO) operation modes. The optical configuration provides a one to one imaging of the telescope focal surface on two ports (one feeding MICADO and the other dedicated to a future instrument) and it is equipped with two post-focal deformable mirrors together with the Laser Guide Star (LGS) and Natural Guide Star (NGS) channels for wavefront sensing and tomographic reconstruction. In this paper, we present the status of the optical configuration at the completion of the Preliminary Design Review (PDR). We will focus our attention on the tolerance analysis of the elements, consisting in both manufacturing and alignment, to provide the expected performances of the instrument after initial integration. We will also present the outcomes of the stability analysis of the instrument, consisting in rigid-body motions and thermoelastic deformations of the structure and optomechanics, used to define the procedures and benchmark to maintain the instrument performances during operation. Details on the integrated modelling, specifically developed for this purpose, will be provided.

MORFEO optical design and performances: status at preliminary design review

MAORY (Multi Conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY) is one of the four instruments for the ELT (Extremely Large Telescope) approved for construction It is an adaptive optics module able to compensate the wavefront disturbances affecting the scientific observations, achieving high strehl ratio and high sky coverage MAORY will be located on the straight-through port of the telescope Nasmyth platform and shall re-image the telescope focal plane to a wide field camera (MICADO) and a possible future second instrument A trade-off study among different mechanical design options for the main mechanical structure has been carried out This paper outlines an overview of the mechanical design that gives a better result in terms of stability, vibrations and manufacturing

MAORY for ELT: preliminary mechanical design of the support structure

This paper provides a description of the Instrument Control Hardware design for MORFEO (Multiconjugate adaptive Optics Relay For ELT Observations), an adaptive optics module for ESO ELT. The MORFEO Instrument Control Hardware is in charge of the control electronics of the entire system. The architecture of the control system is thus based on the paradigm of decentralized functions, connected via EtherCAT fieldbus, allowing for easy communication between components that are not physically near each other. The use of industrial standards and COTS elements also leads to rapid development, easier update of the components, lower cost for spare parts and a widespread understanding of architecture among specialized firms. The Instrument Control Hardware design described in this paper is an updated version of the configuration presented for the Preliminary Design Review in the first half of 2021.

General overview of MORFEO (formerly known as MAORY) instrument control hardware design

The Multi Conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY (MAORY) is the Multi-Conjugated Adaptive Optics (MCAO) module for the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). MAORY is one of the ELT first light instruments, designed to feed the Near Infrared Red (NIR) camera MICADO with both MCAO and Single-Conjugated AO (SCAO) operation modes. The optical configuration provides a one to one image of telescope focal surface on the MICADO focal surface (with the additional capability for a second port dedicated to a future instrument), and allows the implementation of two deformable mirrors together with the Laser Guide Star (LGS) and Natural Guide Star (NGS) channels for wavefront sensing and tomographic reconstruction. In this paper we present the status of the optical configuration in the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) framework for the main path optics and the analyses results on the expected optical performance.

MAORY: optical configuration and expected optical performances

FLASH Mechanisms Track MECHANISMS OF FLASH RADIOTHERAPY SPARING OF NORMAL TISSUE AS INFORMED BY RNA-SEQ TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSES

MAORY (Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY) and MICADO (MCAO Imaging CamerA for Deep Observations) will perform the science in the Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics mode of the ELT (Extremely Large Telescope). One of their goals is the multi-object differential astrometry which requires low optical distortion and diffraction limited aberrations. To align MAORY, an automate method will be used during the integration of the instrument and could be part of the calibration strategy at the ELT site. This paper describes the method and the ray-tracing simulations carried out to validate the algorithm. Even in presence of different error sources, the method works in a large range of misalignments bringing the system close to the nominal performances.

Precise alignment method for MAORY

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General overview of MORFEO (formerly known as MAORY) instrument control hardware design

MAORY: optical configuration and expected optical performances

FLASH Mechanisms Track MECHANISMS OF FLASH RADIOTHERAPY SPARING OF NORMAL TISSUE AS INFORMED BY RNA-SEQ TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSES

Precise alignment method for MAORY