The historical beginnings of photosensitivity and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology are recounted. The basic techniques for fiber grating fabrication, their characteristics, and the fundamental properties of fiber gratings are described. The many applications of fiber grating technology are tabulated, and some selected applications are briefly described.

/pdf/fiber-bragg-grating-technology-fundamentals-and-overview-460zsnwohq.pdf

Fiber Bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview

Two methods for grating synthesis which have appeared in the literature recently are compared directly. In particular, we point out the similarity between the two; both algorithms are based on propagation of the fields through the structure with simultaneous evaluation of the coupling coefficient according to simple causality arguments (layer-peeling algorithms). The first published method (the discrete layer-peeling algorithm) is reformulated in a simpler, more efficient way, and it is shown that its implementation can be made exact. For mathematical comparison, a derivation of the second method (the continuous layer-peeling algorithm) is presented. The methods are compared both mathematically and numerically. We find that the discrete layer-peeling algorithm is significantly faster and can be more stable than its continuous counterpart, whereas the continuous algorithm offers some advantages in flexibility.

On the synthesis of fiber Bragg gratings by layer peeling

Presents an efficient method for the design of complex fiber Bragg gratings. The method relies on the synthesis of the impulse response of the grating by means of a differential layer-peeling algorithm. The algorithm developed takes into account all the multiple reflections inside the grating, giving an exact solution to the inverse scattering problem. Its low algorithmic complexity enables the synthesis of long fiber gratings. The method is illustrated by designing several filters with interest for optical fiber communication systems: dispersionless bandpass filters and second- and third order dispersion compensators.

An efficient inverse scattering algorithm for the design of nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings

In this paper, we present a new parallel-coupled-line microstrip bandpass filter with suppressed spurious passband. Using a continuous perturbation of the width of the coupled lines following a sinusoidal law, the wave impedance is modulated so that the harmonic passband of the filter is rejected while the desired passband response is maintained virtually unaltered. This strip-width perturbation does not require the filter parameters to be recalculated and, this way, the classical design methodology for coupled-line microstrip filters can still be used. At the same time, the fabrication of the resulting filter layout does not involve more difficulties than those for typical coupled-line microstrip filters. To test this novel technique, 3rd-order Butterworth bandpass filters have been designed at 2.5 GHz, with a 10% fractional bandwidth and different values of the perturbation amplitude. It is shown that for a 47.5 % sinusoidal variation of the nominal strip width, a harmonic rejection of more than 40 dB is achieved in measurement while the passband at 2.5 GHz is almost unaltered.

New microstrip "Wiggly-Line" filters with spurious passband suppression

Photonic generation of microwave arbitrary waveforms

In this paper, we develop an iterative solution to the coupled Gel'Fand-Levitan-Marchenko integral equations. It will be proved that this new technique outstands other methods such as the exact GLM solution or the Fourier method. As one of its many applications, the synthesis of fiber gratings for dispersion equalization will be tackled.

Iterative solution to the Gel'Fand-Levitan-Marchenko coupled equations and application to synthesis of fiber gratings

The authors apply a novel iterative solution to the coupled Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko integral equations for the design of a fibre grating dispersion compensator. It is shown that this new technique outperforms other methods such as the exact GLM solution yielding smoother coupling coefficient profiles which are easier to fabricate.

Design of fibre grating dispersion compensators using a novel iterative solution to the Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko coupled equations

We present, for the first time to our knowledge, closed expression for the computation of the harmonic and intermodulation distortions that appear on a wavelength converted two-tone subcarrier modulation (SCM) signal via cross gain modulation.

/pdf/formula-for-two-carrier-intermodulation-distortion-in-50s206tmk4.pdf

Formula for two-carrier intermodulation distortion in wavelength converted subcarrier multiplexed signals via cross gain modulation

It is well known that soliton shapes result from reflectionless potentials. We propose a new technique for the synthesis of all-pass codirectional filter gratings that yields solitonlike coupling coefficients. The main advantages of this method are no energy loss and an additional degree of freedom in the design that allows synthesis of grating parameters amenable to fabrication.

Synthesis of all-pass filters by codirectional grating couplers

Bandwidth-limited filtering has been proven to overcome certain limitations in soliton transmission systems. We propose super-Gaussian filters instead of Butterworth filter response obtained with conventionally used Fabry–Perot etalons as a method to improve soliton stability and reduce dispersion degradation and theoretically demonstrate their practical implementation in the form of holographic fiber gratings.

Soliton transmission control by super-gaussian filters

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