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Foundations of Cognitive Science

Brain and cognition

Introduction 1. How Not to Find the Neural Correlate of Consciousness 2. Life and Cognition 3. The Representation of Number in Natural Language Syntax and in the Language of Thought: A Case Study of the Evolution and Development of Representational Resources 4. The View From Here: The Nonsymbolic Structure of Spatial Representation 5. Toward a Cognitive Neurobiology of the Moral Virtues 6. Reflections on the Neurobiology of Emotion and Feeling 7. Words and Concepts in the Brain 8. What Thought Requires 9. Things About Things 10. On Referential Semantics and Cognitive Science 11. Theories of Concepts: A Wider Task 12. Connecting Vision with the World: Tracking the Missing Link 13. Rationality and Action Bibliography, Index of Names

The foundations of cognitive science

A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. Graphical abstract Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site. Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration Services to ensure the best presentation of their images and in accordance with all technical requirements. Highlights Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). You can view example Highlights on our information site.

MR is capable of producing cardiac images with great morphological detail. However, for proper cardiac MRI, image acquisition with ECG triggering has to be used. The currently available MR techniques still require data acquisition over many cardiac cycles to generate images, but these images re of good quality because acquisition of a single image “line” takes only 20–40 ms; thus, “stoppedmotion” images are obtained, even though they are acquired over many cardiac cycles. From patients with cardiac arrhythmias good images cannot be acquired, as proper repetitive triggering to the same phase in the cardiac cycle is not guaranteed. However, a rapid, 40-ms MRI technique producing realtime images has been described [1] recently, based on echo planar imaging [2]. At this time, this method is not available for broader use.

Renal Morphology and Function in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The signal intensity and contrast of NMR images depend both on measurement parameters and on tissue parameters. The most essential measurement parameters are the repetition time TR and the spin echo time TE. The effect of the echo time on the image contrast is demonstrated by the multi echo images shown in Fig. 3.1. The significant change in image contrast with increasing echo time is clearly demonstrated. The tissue specific parameters are the relaxation times T1 and T2, the proton density P and the diffusion coefficient D. Furthermore, the signal intensity in vessels is also fundamentally influenced by the flow velocity of the blood (see below). By applying chemical shift imaging methods, it is also possible to generate separate images of fat, water and magnetic susceptibility.

Functional Imaging Using NMR

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Functional Imaging Using NMR