SUMMARY Dietary thymol, and its isomer, carvacrol, were evaluated as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in female broiler chickens In addition, the alleged hypocholesterolemic effect of carvacrol and thymol were tested when the chickens were fed cholesterol-free or cholesterol-containing diets The experiment had a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with diets containing two levels of cholesterol (0 or 1%) and without feed additive or with 200 ppm thymol or carvacrol Dietary carvacrol lowered feed intake and weight gain but also lowered the feed-to-gain ratio Dietary thymol, an isomer of carvacrol, did not affect growth performance Dietary cholesterol significantly increased plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations Carvacrol lowered plasma triglyceride concentrations but did not affect plasma cholesterol It is concluded that thymol and its isomer, carvacrol, have different effects on growth performance and triglyceride metabolism in broiler chickens The two compounds did not have hypocholesterolemic activity, irrespective of whether the diet was cholesterol free or cholesterol rich

Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in female broiler chickens

Adults with childhood onset GH deficiency (GHD) have reduced bone mass, increased fat mass, and disorders of lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism, body composition, and lipid metabolism in GHD children before and during 2-3 yr of GH treatment (GHRx). Forty children with GHD, mean age 7.9 yr, participated in the study of bone metabolism and body composition; and an additional group of 17 GHD children, in the study of lipid metabolism. Lumbar spine BMD, total body BMD, and body composition were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Volumetric BMD (bone mineral apparent density, BMAD) was calculated to correct for bone size. BMD, BMAD, lean tissue mass, bone mineral content, fat mass, and percentage body fat were expressed as SD scores (SDS), in comparison with normative data of the same population. Lumbar spine BMD and BMAD and total body BMD were all decreased at baseline. All BMD variables increased significantly during GHRx, lumbar spine BMD SDS, already after 6 months of treatment. Lean tissue mass SDS increased continuously. Bone mineral content SDS started to increase after 6 months GHRx. Fat mass SDS decreased during the first 6 months of GHRx and remained stable thereafter. Biochemical parameters of bone formation and bone resorption did not differ from normal at baseline and increased during the first 6 months of GHRx. Serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D increased continuously during GHRx, whereas PTH and serum calcium remained stable. Lipid profile was normal at baseline: Atherogenic index had decreased and apolipoprotein A1(Apo-A1) had increased after 3 yr of treatment. In conclusion, children with GHD have decreased bone mass. BMD, together with height and lean tissue mass, increased during GHRx. GHRx had a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism.

/pdf/changes-in-bone-mineral-density-body-composition-and-lipid-3vp24djmuk.pdf

Changes in bone mineral density, body composition, and lipid metabolism during growth hormone (GH) treatment in children with GH deficiency.

The cardiovascular risk factor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) has been associated with abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and type II diabetes, conditions known to be linked with insulin resistance. To determine whether PAI-1 is related to insulin resistance, we studied nine obese nondiabetics and 10 obese type II diabetics by means of a sequential hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp study. Plasma PAI-1 antigen (Ag) correlated significantly with peripheral insulin resistance, represented by the insulin level at which peripheral glucose uptake (PGU) is half-maximal ([ED50PGU] r = .87, P < .001). Multiple regression analysis including indices of hepatic and peripheral insulin action, fasting plasma insulin levels, triglyceride levels, blood pressure (BP), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) disclosed ED50PGU to account for 76% of the variance of PAI-1 Ag. We suggest that PAI-1 contributes to the increased cardiovascular risk encountered with insulin resistance.

The cardiovascular risk factor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 is related to insulin resistance

Body weight loss and changes in blood lipid levels in normal men on hypocaloric diets during Ramadan fasting

Small polydisperse low density lipoproteins in familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia with complete deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer activity

Serum triglycerides can be enzymatically determined by hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids [ Clin. Chem. 19, 476 (1973)]. Enzyme integral (end-point) and fixed-time rate analyses of serum triglycerides by this procedure have been investigated with a centrifugal analyzer. We determined the precision of blank determinations, the contribution of normal serum alkaline phosphatase to total values, and the amount of endogenous glycerol in fasting serum samples and blood collection tubes. We also made a statistical analysis of enzymatic triglyceride values obtained for a healthy, fasting (12-16 h) population of men and women. The relative merits of both procedures are discussed.

Clinical Evaluation of Kinetic Enzymatic Fixed-Time and Integral Analysis of Serum Triglycerides

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Clinical Evaluation of Kinetic Enzymatic Fixed-Time and Integral Analysis of Serum Triglycerides