Mechanism and challenges in commercialisation of algal biofuels.

Algal capture of carbon dioxide; biomass generation as a tool for greenhouse gas mitigation with reference to New Zealand energy strategy and policy

The potential of microalgal biotechnology: A review of production and uses of microalgae

Five species of the genus Dunaliella (D. tertiolecta, D. primolecta, D. parva, D. bardawil, and D. salina) were examined for glycerol accumulation, growth rate, cell density, and protein and chlorophyll content. The suitability of each algal species for use as a fermentation substrate was judged according to glycerol accumulation and quantities of neutral solvents produced after sequential bacterial fermentations. When grown in 2 M NaCl, with 24 mM NaHCO3 or 3% CO2 at 28°C and with 10,000 to 15,000 lx of incident light on two sides of a glass aquarium, four of the five species tested produced ca. 10 to 20 mg of glycerol per liter of culture. Clostridium pasteurianum was found to convert an algal biomass mixture supplemented with 4% glycerol to ca. 16 g of mixed solvents (n-butanol, 1,3-propanediol, and ethanol) per liter. Acetone was not detected. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that Dunaliella concentrates of up to 300-fold can be directly fermented to an identical pattern of mixed solvents. Overall solvent yields were reduced by >50% when fermentations were performed in the presence of 2% NaCl. These results are discussed in terms of practical application in tropical coastal zones.

System development for linked-fermentation production of solvents from algal biomass

SUMMARY: True protoplasts of the red alga Porphyridium cruentum and the halophilic green algae Dunaliella bardawil and Dunaliella salina were induced by treatment with pectinase and cellulysin. Protoplasts of P. cruentum and the Dunaliella spp. were fused by polyethylene glycol treatment and then allowed to regenerate on selection media. Fusants that were essentially Porphyridium in nature were generated between P. cruentum and D. bardawil and D. salina; these tolerated a salinity of up to 3.5 M for the former and 2.5 M for the latter, indicating that they were hybrid strains, acquiring the osmotolerance from the Dunaliella spp. A Dunaliella-like clone was isolated from protoplast fusion between P. cruentum and D. salina, with altered antibiotic sensitivity. The acquired resistance to penicillin and erythromycin appears to be the result of a genetic transfer from P. cruentum.

Interphylum Protoplast Fusion and Genetic Recombination of the Algae Porphyridium cruentum and Dunaliella spp.

The capture of solar energy in the form of glycerol-rich cell mass of the halophilic algae Dunaliella offers some unique possibilities for the production of food, fuels, and chemicals. Especially interesting is the possibility for an all-microbial route to liquid fuels such as ethanol starting with CO/sub 2/, although the most immediate applications will probably be the production of glycerol itself. 5 figures, 5 tables.

Solar bioconversion systems based on algal glycerol production

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Solar bioconversion systems based on algal glycerol production