Over the last decade, research into "addictive technological behaviors" has substantially increased. Research has also demonstrated strong associations between addictive use of technology and comorbid psychiatric disorders. In the present study, 23,533 adults (mean age 35.8 years, ranging from 16 to 88 years) participated in an online cross-sectional survey examining whether demographic variables, symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, and depression could explain variance in addictive use (i.e., compulsive and excessive use associated with negative outcomes) of two types of modern online technologies: social media and video games. Correlations between symptoms of addictive technology use and mental disorder symptoms were all positive and significant, including the weak interrelationship between the two addictive technological behaviors. Age appeared to be inversely related to the addictive use of these technologies. Being male was significantly associated with addictive use of video games, whereas being female was significantly associated with addictive use of social media. Being single was positively related to both addictive social networking and video gaming. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that demographic factors explained between 11 and 12% of the variance in addictive technology use. The mental health variables explained between 7 and 15% of the variance. The study significantly adds to our understanding of mental health symptoms and their role in addictive use of modern technology, and suggests that the concept of Internet use disorder (i.e., "Internet addiction") as a unified construct is not warranted.

/pdf/the-relationship-between-addictive-use-of-social-media-and-jg1h7w81oz.pdf

The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: a large-scale cross-sectional study

LETTERS to the EDITORPublication bias

This study evaluates the association between Internal Addiction (IA) and psychiatric co-morbidity in the literature. Meta-analyses were conducted on cross-sectional, case–control and cohort studies which examined the relationship between IA and psychiatric co-morbidity. Selected studies were extracted from major online databases. The inclusion criteria are as follows: 1) studies conducted on human subjects; 2) IA and psychiatric co-morbidity were assessed by standardised questionnaires; and 3) availability of adequate information to calculate the effect size. Random-effects models were used to calculate the aggregate prevalence and the pooled odds ratios (OR). Eight studies comprising 1641 patients suffering from IA and 11210 controls were included. Our analyses demonstrated a significant and positive association between IA and alcohol abuse (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 2.14-4.37, z = 6.12, P < 0.001), attention deficit and hyperactivity (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 2.15-3.77, z = 7.27, P < 0.001), depression (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 2.04-3.75, z = 6.55, P < 0.001) and anxiety (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.46-4.97, z = 3.18, P = 0.001). IA is significantly associated with alcohol abuse, attention deficit and hyperactivity, depression and anxiety.

/pdf/the-association-between-internet-addiction-and-psychiatric-emtlxgnl0g.pdf

The association between internet addiction and psychiatric co-morbidity: a meta-analysis

Aim Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a serious disorder leading to and maintaining pertinent personal and social impairment. IGD has to be considered in view of heterogeneous and incomplete concepts. We therefore reviewed the scientific literature on IGD to provide an overview focusing on definitions, symptoms, prevalence, and aetiology. Method We systematically reviewed the databases ERIC, PsyARTICLES, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and PubMed for the period January 1991 to August 2016, and additionally identified secondary references. Results The proposed definition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition provides a good starting point for diagnosing IGD but entails some disadvantages. Developing IGD requires several interacting internal factors such as deficient self, mood and reward regulation, problems of decision-making, and external factors such as deficient family background and social skills. In addition, specific game-related factors may promote IGD. Summarizing aetiological knowledge, we suggest an integrated model of IGD elucidating the interplay of internal and external factors. Interpretation So far, the concept of IGD and the pathways leading to it are not entirely clear. In particular, long-term follow-up studies are missing. IGD should be understood as an endangering disorder with a complex psychosocial background. What this paper adds In representative samples of children and adolescents, on average, 2% are affected by Internet gaming disorder (IGD). The mean prevalences (overall, clinical samples included) reach 5.5%. Definitions are heterogeneous and the relationship with substance-related addictions is inconsistent. Many aetiological factors are related to the development and maintenance of IGD. This review presents an integrated model of IGD, delineating the interplay of these factors.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/dmcn.13754

Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Background and Aims 
Internet addiction (IA) could be a major concern in university medical students aiming to develop into health professionals. The implications of this addiction as well as its association with sleep, mood disorders and self-esteem can hinder their studies, impact their long-term career goals and have wide and detrimental consequences for society as a whole. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Assess potential IA in university medical students, as well as factors associated with it; 2) Assess the relationships between potential IA, insomnia, depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem.


Methods 
Our study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted among 600 students of three faculties: medicine, dentistry and pharmacy at Saint-Joseph University. Four validated and reliable questionnaires were used: the Young Internet Addiction Test, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 21), and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES).


Results 
The average YIAT score was 30 ± 18.474; Potential IA prevalence rate was 16.8% (95% confidence interval: 13.81–19.79%) and it was significantly different between males and females (p-value = 0.003), with a higher prevalence in males (23.6% versus 13.9%). Significant correlations were found between potential IA and insomnia, stress, anxiety, depression and self-esteem (p-value < 0.001); ISI and DASS sub-scores were higher and self-esteem lower in students with potential IA.


Conclusions 
Identifying students with potential IA is important because this addiction often coexists with other psychological problems. Therefore, interventions should include not only IA management but also associated psychosocial stressors such as insomnia, anxiety, depression, stress, and self-esteem.

/pdf/internet-addiction-and-relationships-with-insomnia-anxiety-f6oz9ltodd.pdf

Internet Addiction and Relationships with Insomnia, Anxiety, Depression, Stress and Self-Esteem in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Designed Study

Background: Pathological Internet use (PIU) has been conceptualized as an impulse-control disorder that shares characteristics with behavioral addiction. Research

/pdf/the-association-between-pathological-internet-use-and-lv7z6fpf69.pdf

The Association between Pathological Internet Use and Comorbid Psychopathology: A Systematic Review.

Work-life balance is vital in clinical psychology, especially in early career stages. In reflective practice sessions, ten aspiring clinical psychologists raised topics of financial constraints, employment insecurities, time commitment, industry competitiveness, guilt, risk of burnout, and lack of self-care.

Work-life balance for aspiring clinical psychologists: Topics from reflective practice sessions

Abstract Background Team case formulation on acute psychiatric wards aims to support staff to manage significant levels of challenging behaviour. However, there is limited research on staff experience of case formulation in this setting. Aim This study aimed to investigate staff experience of team case formulation sessions on acute psychiatric wards and their impact on staff wellbeing. Methods Eighteen multidisciplinary staff (nurses, doctors, occupational therapists, support workers, activities coordinators) from five acute wards at a South London psychiatric hospital completed a semi-structured interview and visual analogue scales on their experience of attending case formulation. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse qualitative data. Results Participants reported that case formulation supported staff to develop a holistic understanding of service users, provided a safe space for staff to discuss the impact of challenging behaviour and improved teamwork and communication. Participants reported that these benefits increased their ability to identify and support the needs of service users and improved therapeutic relationships. Challenges with establishing continuity of care were highlighted. Conclusion Team case formulation is an important intervention to support ward staff and has significant benefits to staff wellbeing and quality of care. Greater integration with existing ward practices may benefit both staff and service users.

https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2021.2022611

Staff experience of team case formulation to address challenging behaviour on acute psychiatric wards: a mixed-methods study


 Due to the high prevalence of challenging behaviours on acute psychiatric wards, there is a need for more therapeutic interventions that utilize psychological theory to support staff and patients. This study assessed feasibility, effectiveness andmechanisms of multidisciplinary team case formulation to reduce challenging behaviours of patients. This was a cohort study with a pre- and post-formulation analysis of patients from five acute wards. Structured team case formulation sessions were held using an integrative psychological model incorporating cognitive behavioural principles and the Newcastle model. Staff attendanceand fidelity to formulation components were recorded. Frequency of staff-rated challenging behaviours and the frequency of incidents of violence and selfharm pre- and one-week post-formulation were assessed. To test mechanisms, changes in staff perceptions of the overall frequency of challenging behavioursand the number of incidents of violence and self-harm were compared to the number of strategies identified, the number of strategies implemented, and the number of staff present. Participants (N = 50) had a range of serious mental health conditions, including 50% with F20–F29 schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorder. Fidelity to formulation model components was found to be high. There was a significant decrease in staff perception of the frequency of patients’ challenging behaviours, with large effect sizes. There was strong evidence of a reduction in the number of violent incidents and self-harm postcase formulation. None of the mechanism tests were significant. Case formulation sessions appear to be a feasible and effective intervention to reduce challenging behaviours within acute inpatient care.


Team case formulation for challenging behaviour on acute psychiatric wards

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The Association between Pathological Internet Use and Comorbid Psychopathology: A Systematic Review.

Work-life balance for aspiring clinical psychologists: Topics from reflective practice sessions

Staff experience of team case formulation to address challenging behaviour on acute psychiatric wards: a mixed-methods study

Team case formulation for challenging behaviour on acute psychiatric wards