Objective. To investigate the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the change of SHBG in fetus.Method. Forty-eight pregnant women with GDM and 86 women with normal pregnancy were included in the study. The following were measured in the serums of pregnant women, amniotic fluids, and umbilical cord serums: glucose, insulin, peptide-C, SHBG, and sex hormones.Results. SHBGs in pregnant women's serums were, when compared with the control group: in male fetuses 308.06 ± 55.64 vs. 445.21 ± 50.07 (p < 0.01) and in female fetuses 312.38 ± 56.61 vs. 451.05 ± 52.87 (p < 0.01). When comparing the levels of SHBGs in amniotic fluids, inclusive of the control group, the following were in male fetuses 8.35 ± 1.07 vs. 8.41 ± 1.09 (p = NS) and in female fetuses 8.31 ± 0.97 vs. 8.39 ± 0.94 (p = NS). For the levels of SHBGs in umbilical cord serums and comparison to the control group were: in male fetuses 41.44 ± 8.83 vs. 40.24 ± 7.50 (p = NS) and in female fetuses 39.93 ± 7.04 vs. 39.69 ± 7.16 (p = NS). The ...

The change in sex hormone binding globulin and the influence by gestational diabetes mellitus in fetal period.

This work aimed to clarify the interaction between the fetus and pregnant patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the lipid metabolomics analysis of the fetal umbilical cord blood of GDM patients and normal pregnant women were performed to screen out the specific lipid metabolites for pathogenesis of GDM. From 2019–2020, 21 patients with GDM and 22 normal pregnant women were enrolled in Hexian Memorial Hospital, Panyu District, Guangzhou. The general information such as weight, height, age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy were analyzed. Non-targeted metabonomic detection and analysis were performed in umbilical cord plasma using LC-MS method. The age, BMI, delivery methods, and infant weight were different between GDM and control. There were 167 lipid metabolites in umbilical cord blood associated with GDM. Among them, 158 upregulated and 9 downregulated in GDM. There were 13 dysregulated metabolites with C < 30, including Lyso-phosphatidyl-colines LPC 16:0, 18:2, 18:1, 18:0, 20:4 and 22:6, glycerophosphocholines PC O-16:1, oleoylcarnitine CAR 18:2 and 18:1, dihexosylceramides Hex2Cer 13:0;2O, phosphatidylethanolamine PE O-22:6_2:0 and PE O-22:6_3:0 and sphingomyelin SM 8:0; 2O/11:0. Those metabolites were associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. Therefore, Lyso-phosphatidyl-colines, glycerophosphocholines, oleoylcarnitine, dihexosylceramides, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin were main lipid metabolites of GDM, which might be used for diagnosis and treatment of GDM. 

Analysis of specific lipid metabolites in cord blood of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to the dysregulation of inflammatory markers in women with GDM compared to women without. It is unclear whether the intensity of glycemic control influences these biomarkers. We aimed to assess whether different glycemic targets for women with GDM and compliance influence maternal and infant biomarkers.Maternity hospitals caring for women with GDM were randomized in the TARGET Trial to tight or less tight glycemic targets. Maternal blood was collected at study entry, 36 weeks' gestation, and 6 months postpartum, and cord plasma after birth. We assessed compliance to targets and concentrations of maternal serum and infant biomarkers.Eighty-two women and infants were included in the study. Concentrations of maternal and infant biomarkers did not differ between women assigned to tighter and less tight glycemic targets; however, concentrations were altered in maternal serum leptin and CRP and infant cord C-peptide, leptin, and IGF in women who complied with tighter targets.Use of tighter glycemic targets in women with GDM does not change the concentrations of maternal and infant biomarkers compared to less tight targets. However, when compliance is achieved to tighter targets, maternal and infant biomarkers are altered.The use of tighter glycemic targets in gestational diabetes does not result in changes to maternal or cord plasma biomarkers. However, for women who complied with tighter targets, maternal serum leptin and CRP and infant cord C-peptide, leptin and IGF were altered compared with women who complied with the use of the less tight targets. This article adds to the current evidence base regarding the impact of gestational diabetes on maternal and infant biomarkers. This article highlights the need for further research to assess enablers to meet the tighter target recommendations and to assess the impact on relevant biomarkers. 

/pdf/glycemic-control-in-gestational-diabetes-and-impact-on-17y3kuqf.pdf

Glycemic control in gestational diabetes and impact on biomarkers in women and infants

Plasma C-peptide reflects the insulin-secretory activity of pancreatic β-cells which modulates fetal growth. Cord blood C-peptide levels were measured in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Forty-one women underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (18 GDM, 23 NGT). Cord blood C-peptide (p = 0.09) and glucose levels (p = 0.08) from newborns of GDM women tended to be higher than those from NGT women. In the entire group, cord blood C-peptide correlated with maternal insulin, fasting C-peptide, insulin sensitivity, interleukin-6, weight and body mass index measured at screening (ρ from 0.34 to 0.48, all p < 0.05) and tended to correlate with offspring weight (ρ = 0.28, p = 0.08). Newborns of GDM women tended to have elevated cord blood C-peptide which correlated with maternal insulin, insulin sensitivity and anthropometric measures at diagnosis and with offspring characteristics. This suggests that insulin-secretory activity of the newborn is related to maternal metabolic parameters.

Cord blood C-peptide levels relate to the metabolic profile of women with and without gestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: The risks of pregnancy caused by maternal diabetes are well known. Patients with unrecognized gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represent a special problem. The aim of our study was to find out, whether the determination of insulin and C-peptide in cord blood serum offers a valuable tool for retrospective analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 600 paired serum samples from maternal venous blood and neonatal cord blood insulin and C-peptide were determined radioimmunologically. A reference group consisting of 338 mothers and their newborns was established by exclusion of all patients with known pregnancy complications. RESULTS: Positive correlations could be identified between fetal insulin and fetal C-peptide, as well as correlations of these parameters with birth weight and body length, with maternal values of insulin, C-peptide, body-mass index, weight, and weight gain during pregnancy respectively. Increased levels of cord serum insulin were found in complicated pregnancies as well as in patients with previous pregnancy losses, preterm deliveries or stillbirths. CONCLUSIONS: Cord serum insulin and C-peptide were found to be useful parameters for immediate postnatal identification of impaired glucose tolerance during the course of pregnancy.

[Determination of reference ranges and effect of maternal and fetal factors on insulin and C-peptide level in umbilical cord blood].

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[Determination of reference ranges and effect of maternal and fetal factors on insulin and C-peptide level in umbilical cord blood].