Seventeen composts from separately collected organic household waste plus one bark compost and one compost from grape marc were analysed for suppression of Pythium ultimum, phytotoxicity, microbial biomass and activity, substrate-induced respiration, extractible phenolic compounds and other physical and chemical parameters. Nine of the samples were mildly suppressive to P. ultimum, the others were conducive. The bark compost sample was strongly suppressive. Therefore of the examined composts, only the bark could be used to exert an economically relevant control of P. ultimum in horticultural media. A large part of the compost samples was slightly phytotoxic. Microbial biomass and SIR had only weak correlations with disease incidence. Microbial activity and content of extractible phenolics were positively correlated with disease incidence. None of the tested parameters were therefore suitable as a predictive test for suppression of P. ultimum with the compost samples used in this study.

Zusammenfassung

Unterdruckung von Pythium ultimum durch Biotonnekomposte in Beziehung zu mikrobieller Biomasse und Aktivitat sowie zum Phenolgehalt



Siebzehn Biotonnekomposte sowie ein Rindenkompost und ein Traubentresterkompost wurden auf ihre Fahigkeit, Pythium ultimum zu unterdrucken, getestet. Weiteres wurden die Pflanzenvertraglichkeit der Komposte, ihre mikrobielle Biomasse und Aktivitat, substratinduzierte Respiration, losliche Phenole und weitere physikalische und chemische Parameter untersucht. Neun der siebzehn Proben waren leicht suppressiv gegenuber Pythium ultimum, die anderen konnten den Pathogen nicht unterdrucken. Der Rindenkompost hatte stark suppressive Wirkung. Von den untersuchten Komposten konnte nur der Rindenkompost fur die Unterdruckung von P. ultimum in Kultursubstraten in einem wirtschaftlich bedeutenden Ausmas verwendet werden. Ein groser Teil der Komposte wirkte leicht phytotoxisch. Die mikrobielle Biomasse und die substratinduzierte Respiration waren mit der Befallsstarke nur schwach korreliert. Mikrobielle Aktivitat und Phenolgehalt korrelierten positiv mit der Befallsstarke. Es war also keiner der getesteten Parameter zur Voraussage der Suppressivitat eines Kompostes gegenuber Pythium ultimum verwendbar.

Suppression of Pythium ultimum by Biowaste Composts in Relation to Compost Microbial Biomass, Activity and Content of Phenolic Compounds

The sintering characteristics of fly ash–talc mixtures having 0–100% talc (w/w) in the presence of 10% (w/w) sodium hexa meta phosphate (SHMP) have been studied. In the fly ash rich mixtures, the presence of needle shaped mullite and rhombohedral aluminum phosphate phases is responsible for providing impact strength to sintered tile bodies. On gradual addition of talc, the decrease in the concentration of sillimanite and increase in the concentration of sodium magnesium phosphate crystals is responsible for the observed improvement in the impact strength of tiles. With increase in talc content, initially the % water absorption decreases to reach a minimum for a fly ash–talc mix containing 60% (w/w talc) where after it again starts increasing. The apparent density of the tile samples increases with increasing talc content in the raw mix due to densification as well as higher density of talc as compared to fly ash.

Effect of addition of talc on the sintering characteristics of fly ash based ceramic tiles

Composting and beneficial utilization of composted by-product materials.

Aerobic composting of chips from clear-cut trees with various co-materials

This paper describes the progress of studies using coal ash mixed with organic byproducts in a compost process as a means of converting ash to a desirable commercial product. Mixtures of fly and bottom ash, broiler chicken litter manure, sawdust and pine bark were successfully composted during the winter of 1994. The recipes and compost procedures for production of the manufactured soils are described. The physical, biological and chemical properties of the manufactured soils are being studied and the initial results presented.

Composting Coal Ash With Poultry Litter For Topsoil Manufacture

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Composting Coal Ash With Poultry Litter For Topsoil Manufacture