Lowering platinum (Pt) loadings without sacrificing power density and durability in fuel cells is highly desired yet challenging because of the high mass transport resistance near the catalyst surfaces. We tailored the three-phase microenvironment by optimizing the ionomer by incorporating ionic covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets into Nafion. The mesoporous apertures of 2.8 to 4.1 nanometers and appendant sulfonate groups enabled the proton transfer and promoted oxygen permeation. The mass activity of Pt and the peak power density of the fuel cell with Pt/Vulcan (0.07 mg of Pt per square centimeter in the cathode) both reached 1.6 times those values without the COF. This strategy was applied to catalyst layers with various Pt loadings and different commercial catalysts. Description Helping fuel cells breathe In proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the Nafion ionomer usually overencapsulates and inhibits the platinum catalyst and can impede gas transport in the catalyst layer. Q. Zhang et al. showed that adding a sulfonated covalent organic framework (COF) to Nafion could improve the activity based on platinum by up to 60% (see the Perspective by Ma and Lutkenhaus). The hexagonal pores of the COF improve gas transport, and the sulfonic acid groups anchored on the pore walls decrease binding to platinum, which inhibits its activity. —PDS Adding a sulfonated ionic covalent organic framework into the Nafion ionomer improves gas transport to the catalyst layer.

Covalent organic framework–based porous ionomers for high-performance fuel cells

Noble-metal nanoparticles (NMNPs), with their outstanding properties, have been arousing the interest of scientists for centuries. Although our knowledge of them is much more significant today, and we can obtain NMNPs in various sizes, shapes, and compositions, our interest in them has not waned. When talking about noble metals, gold, silver, and platinum come to mind first. Still, we cannot forget about elements belonging to the so-called platinum group, such as ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, and iridium, whose physical and chemical properties are very similar to those of platinum. It makes them highly demanded and widely used in various applications. This review presents current knowledge on the preparation of all noble metals in the form of nanoparticles and their assembling with carbon supports. We focused on the catalytic applications of these materials in the fuel-cell field. Furthermore, the influence of supporting materials on the electrocatalytic activity, stability, and selectivity of noble-metal-based catalysts is discussed.

/pdf/carbon-supported-noble-metal-nanoparticles-for-catalytic-bp0hkmip.pdf

Carbon-Supported Noble-Metal Nanoparticles for Catalytic Applications—A Review

Radiant air-conditioning with infrared transparent polyethylene aerogel

The greatest challenge of our times is to identify low cost and environmentally friendly alternative energy sources to fossil fuels. From this point of view, the decarbonization of industrial chemical processes is fundamental and the use of hydrogen as an energy vector, usable by fuel cells, is strategic. It is possible to tackle the decarbonization of industrial chemical processes with the electrification of systems. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the latest research on the electrification of endothermic industrial chemical processes aimed at the production of H2 from methane and its use for energy production through proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). In particular, two main electrification methods are examined, microwave heating (MW) and resistive heating (Joule), aimed at transferring heat directly on the surface of the catalyst. For cases, the catalyst formulation and reactor configuration were analyzed and compared. The key aspects of the use of H2 through PEM were also analyzed, highlighting the most used catalysts and their performance. With the information contained in this review, we want to give scientists and researchers the opportunity to compare, both in terms of reactor and energy efficiency, the different solutions proposed for the electrification of chemical processes available in the recent literature. In particular, through this review it is possible to identify the solutions that allow a possible scale-up of the electrified chemical process, imagining a distributed production of hydrogen and its consequent use with PEMs. As for PEMs, in the review it is possible to find interesting alternative solutions to platinum with the PGM (Platinum Group Metal) free-based catalysts, proposing the use of Fe or Co for PEM application.

/pdf/electrified-hydrogen-production-from-methane-for-pem-fuel-13d0v6ob.pdf

Electrified Hydrogen Production from Methane for PEM Fuel Cells Feeding: A Review

Enhanced hydrogen production properties of a novel aluminum-based composite for instant on-site hydrogen supply at low temperature

Mesoporous carbon aerogel with tunable porosity as the catalyst support for enhanced proton-exchange membrane fuel cell performance

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Mesoporous carbon aerogel with tunable porosity as the catalyst support for enhanced proton-exchange membrane fuel cell performance