The W(100) surface is probably the most extensively studied metallic surface in the last 15 years. Numerous studies have shown that the clean surface is reconstructed at temperatures below about 220 K, and there is now general agreement concerning the structure of the low-temperature phase. On the other hand, there are still unresolved problems and controversies regarding the structure of the surface at higher temperatures.

Atomic Structure, Lattice Dynamics, and Electronic Structure of Tungsten Surfaces

Single- and multiphonon atom–surface scattering in the quantum regime

Recently helium atom scattering from surfaces has been refined such that it allows studies of surface vibrational modes by investigating the inelastic component of the backscattered flux. Even though surface lattice dynamics has been accessible to theory for a long time, these experiments have provided a wealth of interesting and sometimes unexpected anomalies in the surface phonon dispersion. A most peculiar anomaly is that of a temperature dependent surface phonon mode. It has been found that such a ‘soft’ mode drives the well-known two-dimensional structural phase transitions on W(001) and Mo(001), the reconstruction of these surfaces. In addition, elastic He scattering has yielded surprising new information on the low-temperature phase structure of these systems. Most interesting are the striking differences between LEED patterns and those obtained by He atom diffraction.

Lattice dynamics on surfaces by atom scattering

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Lattice dynamics on surfaces by atom scattering