Background & objectives: Cyclophosphamide is one of the common drugs used for cancer treatment. Cyclophosphamide affects the placenta and it is teratogenic in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Mesna and Galbanum essential oil concurrent administration against cyclophosphamide toxicity in rat placenta tissue. Methods: 22 pregnant female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) control (normal saline, n=7 rats), (2) cyclophosphamide (15mg/kg, n=7 rats), (3) cyclophosphamide (15mg/kg), Mesna (100mg/kg) and Galbanum (200mg/kg, n=8 rats). Medications were administered intraperitoneally on the 13th day of pregnancy. Then, rats were sacrificed on the 20 day of pregnancy. The placenta was separated and fixed after macroscopic evaluation. 5 μm tissue sections were prepared, stained and studied by light microscopy. Results: Cyclophosphamide reduced the placental weight, thickness and the length of the small and large diameters. Histologically, it reduced the thickness of the labyrinth and basal layers, caused necrosis and congestion in these layers, reduced giant cells numbers and caused their nuclear shrinkage (p<0.05). Mesna and Galbanum oil had no effect on placental morphometry rather than cyclophosphamide (p>0.05) but histologically it could increase the labyrinth and basal layers thickness and also the giant cells numbers (p<0.05). It could also prevent nuclear shrinkage, giant cells and spongiotrophoblasts necrosis in the basal layer and reduce congestion in the labyrinth layer (p<0.05). Conclusion: Mesna and Galbanum oil preserved the placenta of pregnant rat against toxic effects of cyclophosphamide probably by its antioxidant features and free radicals deletion.

Protective effect of Concurrent Administration of Mesna and Galbanum Oil on Histological Structure of Rat Placenta against Cyclophosphamide Toxicity

Introduction: Achillea (Asteraceae) is a plant that in recent years its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic and anti-microbial qualities have been reported. Its extracts can also be used as a male contraceptive combination that has reversible effects too. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the extract of this plant on the placenta and fertility. Materials & methods: In this study, 40 female pregnant wistar rats were randomly placed in four equal groups which included one control and three experimental groups. Control group animals were treated with distilled water over 6-16 days. The experimental groups received Achillea plant extract in 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg concentration in the same timetable. Tissue specimens were collected then stained with H&E method and studied under light microscopy. Findings: Results showed that the 400 and 600 mg/kg Achillea extract lead to sever placental congestion, elevation in the thickness of spongium of placenta, an increase in the number of the glycogenic cells and giant cells, elevation in the thickness of LIM of placenta as well as desidual thickness. Anatomical results showed a significant increase in the placental weight, diameter, thickness, index and a significant decrease in the fetal weight and length in treated animals that received the 400 and 600 mg/kg plant extract, compared with the treated animals which received 200 mg/kg plant extract. Discussion & conclusions: According to result of this study, the injection of 400 and 600 mg/kg Achillea extracts leads to histological and histomorphometrical changes in the placenta tissue.

/pdf/study-of-histological-and-histometrical-changes-of-the-2rsytaagtt.pdf

Study of Histological and Histometrical Changes of the Placenta after Administration of Milfoil (Achillea wilhemsii) Hydroalcholic Extract in Rat

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important contagious bird diseases. Not only it continuously causes significant economic damage to the commercial poultry industry, but also it is of clinical importance as it occurs in a wide range of free-living and captive birds. Although different types of commercial vaccines are extensively used, the disease has not been eradicated. Between October 2018 and March 2019, three different outbreaks of ND were observed in three different captive bird species of pigeons, peafowls, and pheasants at the Saei public bird garden in Tehran. Genetic identification of viral isolates of AMMM116 (pheasant), AMMM122 (peafowl), and AMMM160 (pigeon) indicated the presence of genotypes VII.1.1, II, and VI.2.1.2, respectively. The virus isolated from the pheasants was closely related to the VII.1.1 subgenotypes obtained from commercial poultry farms in different parts of Iran. Moreover, the VI.2.1.2 isolate obtained from the ND outbreak in pigeons was related to the isolates obtained from pigeons in Nigeria and Kenya. Lastly, we isolated a genotype II NDV, identical to the common vaccine strains, from immature peacocks that had an acute death. The peacocks were not vaccinated, therefore, we speculated that the presence of genotype II could be because of the spillover of vaccine strains from commercial poultry flocks to wild birds that had visited the park and landed in the roofless aviary. The results of this study indicate the simultaneous circulation of different NDV genotypes in a small geographic location and emphasize the importance of imposing more restricted biosecurity measures. 

https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/jhvms/article/download/34415/28618

The simultaneous presence of three different Newcastle Disease Virus Genotypes in various bird species in a public bird garden

s: It had been demonstrated that Glycyrrhiza glabra extract has biological beneficial impacts include anti-inflammatory as well as anti-allergic properties, although there is little published data about its probable side effects on the placental integrity. Since, there is not enough data regarding the impacts of G. glabra on the placental histo-morphology. Therefore, this study was carried out on thirty-two pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats which were randomly distributed into four main groups (n=8). Experimental groups were injected intraperitoneally with aqueous extract of G. glabra at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, respectively, during the organogenesis period (6 to 16 day of gestation) while control group was injected only with tap water. On the th th 17 day of gestation, all of the animals were euthanized; their fetuses and placentas were removed and th histomorphological study was performed. The obtained results showed that in the G. glabra-treated rats compared to control, trophoblastic giant cells were significantly decreased in the number and size. In addition, massive hyperemia was seen in the labyrinth interhemal membrane compartment of placenta in the G. glabra treated rats. Also, significant increase in the placental weight as well as in the placental index was found in the treated groups in comparison to the control rats. From this study, it is concluded that G. glabra extract administration has harmful effects on the placental structure and therefore popular consumption of this plant should be reconsidered.

/pdf/histological-and-morphological-characteristics-of-placenta-4dfedveai7.pdf

Histological and morphological characteristics of placenta in the rats administrated with Glycyrrhiza glabra extract.

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Histological and morphological characteristics of placenta in the rats administrated with Glycyrrhiza glabra extract.