The glass industry is part of the energy-intensive industry posing a major challenge to fulfill the CO2 reduction targets of the Paris Climate Agreement. The segments of the glass industry, e.g., container or flat glass, are quite diverse and attribute to different glass products with different requirements to product quality and various process options. To address the challenge of decarbonizing the glass industry, firstly, an inventory of current glass products, processes and applied technologies in terms of energy efficiency and CO2 emissions is conducted. Secondly, decarbonization options are identified and structured according to fuel substitution, waste heat recovery and process intensification. Due to the high share of energy-related CO2 emissions, electrical melting and hydrogen combustion, or a combination of both, are the most promising options to decarbonize the glass industry but further research, design adjustments and process improvements are necessary. Furthermore, electricity and hydrogen prices have to decrease or fossil fuels must become more expensive, to be cost-competitive relative to fossil fuels and respective infrastructures have to be constructed or adjusted. Various heat recovery options have great potential for CO2 savings but can be technically challenging or have not yet been considered for techno-economic reasons.

A Review of Decarbonization Options for the Glass Industry

This BAT reference document for the Iron and Steel Production forms part of a series presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection and the Commission, to draw up, review, and where necessary, update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of the Directive on industrial emissions (2010/75/EU). This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive.

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document:for:Manufacture of Glass:Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU:(Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

Estimation of and barriers to waste heat recovery from harsh environments in industrial processes

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21870764.2019.1656360

Prospects and physical limits of processes and technologies in glass melting

In a furnace such as a glassmelting furnace, a portion of the combustion products formed by combustion of fuel with gaseous oxidant within the furnace are passed through a recuperative or regenerative heat exchanger system to heat a portion of the incoming gaseous oxidant, and a portion of the combustion products are passed instead through a secondary heat exchanger system, wherein the hot combustion products and oxidant which are passed through said first heat exchanger are passed at a heat capacity rate ratio of combustion products to oxidant of less than 1.3.

Furnace with multiple heat recovery systems

Development of an Advanced Batch/Cullet Preheater for Oxy-Fuel Fired Glass Furnaces

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Development of an Advanced Batch/Cullet Preheater for Oxy-Fuel Fired Glass Furnaces