Thermoluminescence kinetic parameters of different amount La-doped ZnB2O4

Thermoluminescent properties of lithium borate, magnesium borate and calcium sulfate developed for temperature sensing

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), and thermoluminescence (TL) are used to characterize the primary electron and hole trapping centers in a lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) crystal doped with Ag. Three defects, two holelike and one electronlike, are observed after exposure at room temperature to 60 kV x-rays. The as-grown crystal contains both interstitial Ag+ ions and Ag+ ions substituting for Li+ ions. During the irradiation, substitutional Ag+ ions (4d10) trap holes and two distinct Ag2+ centers (4d9) are formed. These Ag2+ EPR spectra consist of doublets (i.e., the individual 107Ag and 109Ag hyperfine lines are not resolved). One of these hole centers is an isolated unperturbed Ag2+ ion and the other is a Ag2+ ion with a nearby perturbing defect. EPR and ENDOR angular-dependence data provide the g matrix and the 107Ag and 109Ag hyperfine matrices for the more intense isolated hole center. In contrast, the electronlike EPR spectrum produced during the irradia...

/pdf/electron-and-hole-traps-in-ag-doped-lithium-tetraborate-3oowrqg9yu.pdf

Electron and hole traps in Ag-doped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) crystals

Calcium borate nanoparticles have been synthesized by a thermal treatment method via facile co-precipitation. Differences of annealing temperature and annealing time and their effects on crystal structure, particle size, size distribution and thermal stability of nanoparticles were investigated. The formation of calcium borate compound was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Thermogravimetry (TGA). The XRD patterns revealed that the co-precipitated samples annealed at 700 °C for 3 h annealing time formed an amorphous structure and the transformation into a crystalline structure only occurred after 5 h annealing time. It was found that the samples annealed at 900 °C are mostly metaborate (CaB2O4) nanoparticles and tetraborate (CaB4O7) nanoparticles only observed at 970 °C, which was confirmed by FTIR. The TEM images indicated that with increasing the annealing time and temperature, the average particle size increases. TGA analysis confirmed the thermal stability of the annealed samples at higher temperatures.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/11/14434/pdf

Facile Synthesis of Calcium Borate Nanoparticles and the Annealing Effect on Their Structure and Size

Thermoluminescence measurements potentially are distorted by a variety of systematic errors. Major difficulties are encountered with temperature values as there are inevitable temperature gradients which become more severe at higher heating rates. Distorted temperature scales need not introduce problems in radiation dosimetry but must be corrected for kinetic analyses of the thermoluminescence processes. Additionally one must correct for changes in emission spectra with temperature and separate wavelength dependent glow curve processes. The various problems of such systematic errors are considered as well as their wider consequences in comparing the luminescence with other measurement techniques applied to the same materials.

Systematic errors in thermoluminescence

Thermoluminescence studies of thermally treated CaB4O7:Dy

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to comments regarding the paper published by Ege et al (2007 Effect of heating rate on kinetic parameters of β-irradiated Li2B4O7:Cu,Ag,P in TSL measurements Meas. Sci. Technol. 18 889). We would like to thank the authors for taking the time to tell us about their opinion, but unfortunately we do not agree with them completely. In the article presented by Kumar and Chourasiya some comment is advanced to the analysis of the glow curves measured with different heating rates, presented in our recent study. According to our study, the area under the glow curve decreases with increasing heating rate in TL–temperature plots due to the quenching effects. Contrary to this, Kumar and Chourasiya suggest that this decrease is due to the normalization process. Here we hope to clarify any confusion regarding our published study.

/pdf/reply-to-comments-on-effect-of-heating-rate-on-kinetic-zbzu2os24s.pdf

Reply to Comments on ‘Effect of heating rate on kinetic parameters of β-irradiated Li2B4O7:Cu,Ag,P in TSL measurements’

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Thermoluminescence studies of thermally treated CaB4O7:Dy

Reply to Comments on ‘Effect of heating rate on kinetic parameters of β-irradiated Li2B4O7:Cu,Ag,P in TSL measurements’