Interaction with electron donor and acceptor molecules such as aniline and nitrobenzene brings about marked changes in the Raman spectrum and the electronic structure of graphene, prepared by the exfoliation of graphitic oxide.

Changes in the electronic structure and properties of graphene induced by molecular charge-transfer

Removal of anionic and cationic dyes from wastewater by adsorption using multiwall carbon nanotubes

Abstract Pharmaceutical products and dyes are the main environmental pollutants in the effluent of textile, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, in this study, the central composite design (CCD) based on the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the operating parameters and determine the optimal conditions for the removal of enrofloxacin (ENF) and Rhodamine B (RhB) by graphene oxide (GO). The structure and morphology of GO were studied using scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Quadratic model was confirmed to describe each of the removal efficiency responses (%R) a with high correlation coefficient ( R 2 = 0.9987 for ENF and R 2 = 0.9999 for RhB) (R 2 -Adj = 0.9963 for ENF and R 2 -Adj = 0.9991 for RhB). In optimal conditions, RhB concentration of 10 mg L −1 , adsorbent amount of 0.24 g, sonication time of 23 min, ENF concentration of 10 mg L −1 , and pH 7, removal rates of more than 92.5% were obtained for both analytes. Adsorption equilibrium was studied with Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Toth and Khan isotherm models. Equilibrium data were best fitted with the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model. Maximum adsorption capacity of ENF and RhB on GO were 45.035 mg g −1 and 107.230 mg g −1 , respectively. The recyclability of GO was evaluated during the ENF and RhB adsorption process. The results showed that up to 4 cycles of adsorbent, the adsorption efficiency is reduced by a tiny amount. The present study showed that GO is highly effective in removing ENF and RhB from environmental water samples. 

/pdf/removal-of-drug-and-dye-from-aqueous-solutions-by-graphene-f4ccg046.pdf

Removal of drug and dye from aqueous solutions by graphene oxide: Adsorption studies and chemometrics methods

High adsorption of methylene blue from water onto graphenic materials: Effect of degree of graphitization and analysis of kinetic models

Abstract Synthesis of crystalline zinc copper ferrite nanoparticles was achieved via a simple co-precipitation method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is utilized to give the morphological characterization of the prepared samples. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was employed for further identification and confirmation of the particle size and morphology. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were utilized to examine crystalline structure and chemical structure, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of Zn 0.5 Cu 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles under UV light was assessed by decolorization of methyl orange (MO) azo dye. The efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of 20 ppm of MO by Zn 0.5 Cu 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles 15 mg was 96% after 135 min at an ambient temperature of 25 °C and pH value of 3. Further interpretation was carried out and a proposed mechanism for the MO photodegradation over Zn 0.5 Cu 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles was suggested. 

Merits of photocatalytic activity of synthesized (ZnxCu(1−x)Fe2O4); x = (0–1) magnetic nanoparticles for wastewater treatment

One- and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials were tested as adsorbents for the elimination of two anionic dyes, reactive red 2 and methyl orange, and the cationic dye methylene blue from aqueous solutions under the same conditions. Carbon nanomaterials performed well in the removal of dyes. Surface oxygenated groups in the nanomaterials improved the cationic dyes’ adsorption, but not the adsorption of the anionic dye. The interactions between nanomaterials and dyes were verified by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was better fitted to the kinetic experimental data than the Elovich and pseudo-first order models. The equilibrium adsorption data were best fitted by the Langmuir model. The dimensions and morphology of the carbon nanomaterials play an important role in the adsorption of the three dyes. The main mechanism of adsorption of anionic dyes is by the interactions of the aromatic rings of the dye structures and π delocalized electrons on carbon nanostructures; the adsorption of cationic dye is mainly due to electrostatic interactions.

One- and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials as adsorbents of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions

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One- and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials as adsorbents of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions