/pdf/fenvironmental-degradation-of-structural-materials-in-liquid-1fk4kxqu.pdf

fEnvironmental degradation of structural materials in liquid lead- and lead-bismuth eutectic-cooled reactors

In situ investigation of liquid Ga penetration in Al bicrystal grain boundaries: grain boundary wetting or liquid metal embrittlement?

The viability of advanced Pb- or Pb-Bi–cooled fast reactor systems will depend on the development of classes of materials that can operate over the temperature range 650–1200°C. We briefly review t...

An Overview of Corrosion Issues for the Design and Operation of High-Temperature Lead- and Lead-Bismuth-Cooled Reactor Systems

Copper and its alloys generally display a severe reduction in ductility between roughly 300 and 600 degrees C, a phenomenon variously called 'intermediate temperature embrittlement' or 'ductility trough behaviour'. This review of the phenomenon begins by placing it in the wider context of the high-temperature fracture of metals, showing how its occurrence can be rationalised in simple terms on the basis of what is known of intergranular creep fracture and dynamic recrystallisation. Data in the literature are reviewed to identify main causes and mechanisms for embrittlement, first for pure copper, and then for monophase and multiphase copper alloys. Coverage then turns to the 'grain boundary embrittlement' phenomenon, caused by the intergranular segregation of even minute quantities of alloying additions or impurities, which appears to worsen dramatically the intermediate temperature embrittlement of copper alloys. Finally, metal-induced embrittlement, including in particular liquid metal embrittlement, is presented as a second mechanism leading to an exacerbation of the intermediate temperature embrittlement of copper and its alloys.

/pdf/intermediate-temperature-embrittlement-of-copper-alloys-1m4nu6nea5.pdf

Intermediate temperature embrittlement of copper alloys

Pathway to understand liquid metal embrittlement (LME) in Fe-Zn couple: From fundamentals toward application

Kinetic mechanism of premature grain boundary (GB) failure under simultaneous action of tensile stress and wetting liquid metals (LME) is not clear yet. We summarize briefly the stress intensity, surface energy and GB segregation effects in LME crack kinetics and the explanations that have been put forward. A possible mechanism of LME is outlined. It is proposed that GB cracks under LME propagate by Mullins grooving controlled by bulk diffusion in liquid and dramatically accelerated by periodic blunting of the groove tip by local plastic flow. It is found that this GALOP (Grooving Accelerated by Local Plasticity) mechanism captures the major experimental observations of stress intensity, surface energy and GB segregation effects in LME fairly well. A parallel between the GALOP mechanism and the GB subcritical crack growth under creep in inert atmosphere is mentioned.

Grain Boundary Grooving Accelerated by Local Plasticity as a Possible Mechanism of Liquid Metal Embrittlement

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Grain Boundary Grooving Accelerated by Local Plasticity as a Possible Mechanism of Liquid Metal Embrittlement