Computer-generated radiological imagery of the structure of the spongious substance in the postnatal development of the tibiotarsal bones of the Peking domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos var. domestica)

For the first time computed tomography has been used to analyze densitometric and geometric parameters in proximal metaphyses and the mid-diaphyses of tibiotarsal bones in broiler chickens in posthatching development as influenced by age and sex. The research was conducted on 60 tibial bones of 2-, 4- and 6-week-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) (10 males and 10 females in each age group). Statistical analysis has been conducted with the use of one-way ANOVA and Fisher's exact test. Calculations have been performed separately for each sex, with age as a differentiation variable and separately for each of the developmental stages, with sex as a differentiation factor. Pearson's correlation coefficient have been calculated. Also, relative bone density has been determined. It was observed that volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in the diaphyses was two times higher (app. 550 cm3) than in the proximal metaphyses (app. 230 cm ) of the tibiae in broiler chickens. In the proximal metaphyses of the tibiotarsal bones, densitometric and geometrical parameters increased with age of the birds. Densitometric parameters (vBMD, BMC) in 6-week-old males displayed (slightly) higher values than in females. It is worth emphasising that in both sexes bone mineral content (BMC) was higher in the tibial proximal metaphyses than in the diaphyses. At the mid-diaphysis, most of the densitometric and geometrical parameters, i.e. bone mineral content (BMC), Strength-Strain Index (SSI), periosteal circumference (PERI_C), endosteal circumference (ENDO_C), cortical area(CRT_A), trabecular area (TRAB_A) and bone area (TOT_A), tended to grow with the birds' age. vBMD (volumetric bone mineral density in situ) is the only parameter that did not grow with age. It was also observed that in males in 4 wk, vBMD in the proximal metaphyses displayed the lowest values during posthatching development (217.47 cm3). Also between 2 and 4 wk of the development, vBMD in the diaphyses decreased from 637.64 cm3 to 539.12 cm3, (P < or = 0.05). What is important is that vBMD and BMC are parameters that play a key role in bone mineralization. However, there was no correlation observed between them. Analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that BMC in both bone sections displayed positive correlation with all the geometric and densitometric parameters (except for vBMD). It may be concluded that vBMD is independent ofother parameters. The strongest correlations were observed between BMC and TRAB_A, and TOT_A in the proximal metaphysis, they were (r = 0.98) and (r = 0.98) respectively, P < or = 0.01, and between BMC and CRT_A at the mid-diaphysis (r = 0.99), P < or = 0.05. It was demonstrated that in the group of males, decreasing vBMD in the proximal metaphyses between 2 and 4 wk and in the diaphyses from 2 to 6 wk during posthatching development, as well as decreasing relative bone weight, from 1.03% to 0.79%, led to deformities and breaks of the tibiae, which may have a negative effect on the productivity of the broiler chickens flock.

/pdf/age-and-sex-related-differences-of-morphometric-fpgefrmwxe.pdf

Age- and sex-related differences of morphometric, densitometric and geometric parameters of tibiotarsal bone in Ross broiler chickens.

Duck gait: Relationship to hip angle, bone ash, bone density, and morphology

Changes in the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of tibiotarsal bones of growing turkeys as affected by birds' age, sex, and within-the-bone location, respectively, were determined by computed tomography. The research was performed on 165 heavy-type BIG 6 turkeys reared between weeks (wk) 3-16 of age. The computed tomography (pQCT) measurement, conducted at 18 and 50% of the bone length, comprised a bone fragment which was 0.07 mm thick for the compact and the spongious substance collectively. It should be noted that the diaphyses of the tibiotarsal bones in turkeys (580 mg/cm 3 ) had greater vBMD than the proximal metaphyses (300 mg/cm 3 ), (P ≤ 0.001). BMC was higher in metaphyses for both sexes. Significant differences between the BMC of the metaphyses and the diaphyses were observed in males and females at wk 3 (P6 (P ≤ 0.05), and 9 (P ≤ 0.001), and at wk 3 (P ≤ 0.05) and 12 (P ≤ 0.01), respectively. vBMD in the diaphyses gradually attenuated with age for both sexes, from 688 mg/cm 3 (wk 3) to 532 mg/cm 3 (wk 16). vBMD of the metaphyses was constant in females, but in males it achieved maximum values of 350 mg/cm 3 at wk 6 and 12 and minimum of 260 mg/cm 3 at wk 9 and 16. Correlations between body weight (BW) and vBMD of the diaphyses were observed in males (r = -0.85, P ≤ 0.001) and females (r = -0.52, P ≤ 0.01). It can be concluded that vBMD loss in diaphyses diminished bone- breaking strength leading in investigated turkeys to deformities and bone fractures.

/pdf/computed-tomographic-analysis-of-tibiotarsal-bone-mineral-3itzg6m76i.pdf

Computed tomographic analysis of tibiotarsal bone mineral density and content in turkeys as influenced by age and sex.

The bone mineral density BMD and content BMC were analysed in the tibiotarsal bones of ducks in the postnatal development as influenced by age and sex. One hundred birds from the nesting till the slaughtering maturity were included in the experiment. The analysis was conducted using a densitometer, Norland - Excell Plus and pQCT computed tomography, XCT Research SA Plus. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (age) and the U-Mann -Withney test (sex). All calculations were performed in Statistica 9.0 (StatSoft, Inc. Tulsa, USA), at P or = 0.05). The BMC decrease was observed in the proximal metaphyses between 4 and 6 wk for both sexes, r = -0.52 (males), r = -0.53 (females); P < or = 0.05. The gradual loss may be the cause of deformities and fractures of the tibiotarsal bones observed from 4 wk in particular bone sections of both sexes. The achieved results may constitute a helpful source of information for water poultry breeders to prevent limb diseases.

http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-c4134839-333e-4522-9139-0c60363da008/c/19_Computed_Tomographic_and_Densitometric_Analysis.pdf

Computed tomographic and densitometric analysis of tibiotarsal bone mineral density and content in postnatal Peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos var. domestica) as influenced by age and sex.

A novel diagnostic method was adapted from studies in horses and humans to postmortal research on ostrich bones. The research made it possible to determine referential values in the method of digital analysis of a radiological image for the tibio-tarsal bone of the ostrich, following exposure to injuries. In the case of a computer-generated analysis of a radiological image, the optimal conditions for taking images were selected, along with their digital record and processing: 0.096 mm/pixel, 256 greyness level (8 bits), and scanning in BMP (a bitmap that is an open format of raster graphics, a block of bytes, which describes an image pixel by pixel). The research was conducted on the rectangular-shaped (160 x 320 points) spongy bone taken about 80 mm below the articular surface near the proximal metaphysis. The research allowed defining parameters of the spongious matrix of the tibio-tarsal bone of healthy 14-month-old ostriches. The average number of trabeculae on lines was 10.41 mm 2 for both sexes, the average volume was 2.21 %, the density of the trabeculation (the percentage of the surface covered with trabeculae) was 47.44 % for both sexes and the average width of the trabeculae was 0.23 mm. On the basis of the conducted calculations, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the average number of radiological trabeculae, the volume of the trabeculae, and their density do not differ significantly for cocks and hens. Key words: ostrich, tibio-tarsus, radiography, Trabecula®.

Spongious matrix of the tibio-tarsal bone of ostriches [Struthio camelus] - a digital analysis

The proximal phalanges, especially those of the thoracic limbs of horses, are the ones most exposed to injuries in the species. Due to unequal loading of the lateral pastern bones resulting from the specific training of racehorses in Poland and from the way races are conducted, the authors of the publication aimed at a detailed quantitative profile based on a radiogram analysis of the lateral proximal phalanges of the thoracic limbs of such horses. It seemed to be interesting also due to the fact that there is hardly any information in literature concerning asymmetry between the lateral long bones in the species. It turned out that the differences concerning the structure of the spongious substance between the bilateral pastern bones in the studied group of horses are not statistically significant. It was also stated that there is a strong positive correlation between the parameters mentioned above as far as the proximal phalanx of the right thoracic limb and the left one were concerned.

/pdf/quantitative-comparison-of-the-parameters-of-the-spongious-zogxjt6dsc.pdf

Quantitative comparison of the parameters of the spongious substance of the bilateral proximal phalanx of thoroughbred horses

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

E. Czerwiński

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Computer-generated radiological imagery of the structure of the spongious substance in the postnatal development of the tibiotarsal bones of the Peking domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos var. domestica)

Spongious matrix of the tibio-tarsal bone of ostriches [Struthio camelus] - a digital analysis

Quantitative comparison of the parameters of the spongious substance of the bilateral proximal phalanx of thoroughbred horses