The leishmaniases: Old neglected tropical diseases

Purpose: To conduct a meta-analysis to confirm the association between Demodex infestation and blepharitis.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of relevant published case-control studies which were found from the ISI Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE and CNKI from January 1950 to December 2010. Meta-analysis was applied for 13 of these and included matched data sets, using odds ratio (OR) as the effect indicator. Sensitivity was assessed.Results: Eleven articles (13 matched data sets) covering four different countries and reporting 4741 participants (2098 blepharitis and 2643 controls) were eligible. The pooled OR in random effect models was 4.89 (95% confidence interval, 3.00–7.97). Sensitivity analysis showed that results of pooled ORs in different effect models, language, sample size, and control groups were completely consistent, which demonstrated a stable association between Demodex infestation and blepharitis by meta-analysis.Conclusions: The association between Demodex infestati...

Association of Blepharitis with Demodex: A Meta-analysis

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as Kala-Azar, is a disseminated protozoal infection caused principally by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum (known as Leishmania chagasi in South America). The therapeutic options for VL are diverse and depend on different factors, such as the geographical area of the infection, development of resistance to habitual treatments, HIV co-infection, malnourishment and other concomitant infections. This article provides an exhaustive review of the literature regarding studies published on the treatment of VL, and gives therapeutic recommendations stratified according to their level of evidence, the species of Leishmania implicated and the geographical location of the infection.

/pdf/therapeutic-options-for-visceral-leishmaniasis-1e3c14gjs2.pdf

Therapeutic Options for Visceral Leishmaniasis

To identify sociodemographic characteristics and risk factor of Demodex infestation, 756 students aged 13-22 years in Xi'an, China were sampled for the school-based cross-sectional study. Demodex was examined using the cellophane tape method (CTP). The results showed that the total detection rate of Demodex was 67.6%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that five variables (gender, residence, sharing sanitary ware, frequency of face-wash per day, and use of facial cleanser) were found to be uncorrelated with Demodex infestation, whereas three variables (age, skin type, and skin disease) were found to be independent correlates. Students aged over 18 years had 22.1 times higher odds of Demodex infestation compared to those under 16 years and students aged 16-18 years also had 2.1 times higher odds compared to those aged 13-15 years. Odds of having a Demodex infestation for oily or mixed skin were 2.1 times those for dry or neutral skin. Students with a facial skin disease had 3.0 times higher odds of being infested with Demodex compared to those without. The inception rate of students with facial dermatoses increased in parallel with increasing mite count. The inception rates were 21.3%, 40.7%, 59.2%, and 67.7% in the negative, mild, moderate, and severe infestation groups, respectively (χ(2)=60.6, P<0.001). Specifically, the amount of infested mites and inception rate of acne vulgaris were positively correlated (R(2)=0.57, moderate infestation odds ratio (OR)=7.1, severe infestation OR=10.3). It was concluded that Demodex prevalence increases with age, and Demodex presents in nearly all adult human. Sebaceous hyperplasia with oily or mixed skin seems to favour Demodex proliferation. Demodex infestation could be associated with acne vulgaris. The CTP is a good sampling method for studies of Demodex prevalence.

Sociodemographic characteristics and risk factor analysis of Demodex infestation (Acari: Demodicidae).

Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are obligatory parasites of the pilosebaceous unit in humans and are cosmopolitan in terms of their distribution. This study was conducted to explore the effect of temperature on the viability of D. folliculorum and D. brevis. Both types of parasites were collected with the cellophane tape method, then randomly grouped and placed into separate moist cabinets. They were divided into 15 groups and exposed to experimental temperatures ranging from −15°C to 60°C. Curve diagrams and scatter plots on the relationship between temperature and the corresponding survival time were drawn and analyzed. It is demonstrated that temperature has a tremendous influence on the viability of D. folliculorum and D. brevis. Survival time and temperature are inversely correlated in the temperature range of 5–37°C. Both D. folliculorum and D. brevis can survive better at low temperatures than at high temperatures. The most suitable maintenance temperature is 5°C, and the optimal temperature for D. folliculorum and D. brevis to develop in vitro is 16–20°C. Temperatures below 0°C and above 37°C are harmful to the mites. The lethal temperature is 54°C, and the effective temperature that kills Demodex mites is 58°C.

The effect of temperature on the viability of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis.

Quel est le rôle des parasites et des levures dans la genèse des blépharites chroniques

Resume Introduction Les onychomycoses sont frequentes chez les sujets âges. Le but de cette etude tunisienne etait de determiner la prevalence, les caracteristiques epidemiologiques, cliniques et mycologiques des onychomycoses chez les sujets âges. Malades et methodes Il s’agissait d’une etude prospective realisee durant une periode de 7 mois (octobre 2005 – avril 2006). Elle a interesse 137 prelevements d’ongles et 103 prelevements de lesions cutanees associees realises chez 120 malades consecutifs âges de 65 ans et plus suspects d’onychomycose des mains et/ou des pieds. Le recrutement des malades a ete fait en examinant d’une facon systematique les ongles des mains et des pieds de 290 nouveaux malades âges de 65 ans et plus se presentant a la consultation de medecine generale. L’examen des malades a ete fait par un dermatologue. Resultats Soixante-neuf femmes et 51 hommes (sex-ratio H/F : 0,74) d’un âge moyen de 72,3 ans ± 6,2 ans ont ete recrutes. L’onyxis touchait les mains dans 28 cas (20,4 p. 100) et les pieds dans 109 cas (79,5 p. 100). L’association d’onyxis des mains et des pieds etait notee dans 17 cas (12,4 p. 100). La moyenne d’ongles atteints etait de 2,7 ongles pour les mains et 3,9 ongles pour les pieds. L’onyxis se localisait principalement au gros orteil et au pouce respectivement pour les pieds et pour les mains. L’atteinte etait le plus souvent latero-distale aussi bien aux mains qu’aux pieds. Parmi les 137 prelevements d’ongles, 110 prelevements etaient positifs (80,3 p. 100). La prevalence d’onychomycose confirmee chez les sujets âges examines etait de 34,1 p. 100 (99/290). Les champignons responsables des onychomycoses dans cette population etaient principalement des dermatophytes (79 p. 100) dont Trichophyton rubrum (72,1 p. 100) etait le champignon le plus frequemment isole. La repartition des champignons etait differente selon la localisation des onyxis. Aux ongles des pieds, c’etait surtout les dermatophytes qui etaient isoles (97 p. 100). Aux ongles des mains, c’etait surtout les levures qui etaient responsables des onychomycoses (75 p. 100). Candida albicans etait alors le plus frequemment isole (60 p. 100). Des moisissures n’ont jamais ete isolees aussi bien aux mains qu’aux pieds. Les cultures des lesions cutanees associees ont mis en evidence le meme champignon isole aux ongles chez 33 malades. Il s’agissait de Trichophyton rubrum dans 28 cas. Conclusion Notre etude confirme que les onychomycoses sont tres frequentes chez les sujets âges. Elle montre que les champignons responsables des onychomycoses chez les sujets âges sont principalement des dermatophytes dont Trichophyton rubrum est l’espece predominante. Les dermatophytes sont suivis par les levures. Aucune moisissure n’a ete isolee.

Onychomycoses chez les sujets âgés

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in a retrospective analysis, cases of Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (VL) diagnosed in adults during a 20-year period in a department of infectious diseases. Demographic data, clinical and laboratory features and therapeutic findings were considered. During the study period, 22 cases of VL were diagnosed, and 6 (27%) were associated with HIV infection. Fever and splenomegaly were observed in all cases. Anaemia was constant. The anti-leishmanial IF titer was positive among 21 patients (95%). Smears from bone marrow aspiration were positive at microscopy in 95% of cases. Zymodeme analysis was carried out in nine isolates. L. infantum zymodeme MON-1 was characterized in all cases. Seventeen patients (77%) received meglumine antimoniate (MA) (20 mg SbV/kg per day) and 5 (23%) patients amphotericin B (AB) (0.5-1 mg/kg per day) for an average period of 25 days (10-49 days). Adverse events occurred in 7 patients (32%), among them 4 received AB. Clinical cure was achieved with success in 21 patients (95%). After a successful MA treatment of the initial episode, VL relapse was observed in one HIV-positive patient. Only one HIV-positive patient died from neurological disorders. VL is rare in adults. However, its incidence is increasing everywhere in the world, because of HIV-related cases. Its prognosis depends on the precocity of diagnosis and treatment.

[Demographic, clinical and therapeutic features of adult visceral leishmaniasis at the Rabta hospital in Tunis (tunisia) from 1983 to 2002].

Portage asymptomatique de Leishmania infantum chez des malades tunisiens infectés par le VIH

Phtiriase ciliaire chez un nourrisson

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

E. Chaker

Author Tools

Chat about Author