A guide (100) is provided for biopsy and microtherapy which includes an introducer cannular (120) defining a lumen (125) sized to receive a diagnostic or therapeutic item therethrough and a lateral opening (124) in communication with the lumen (125) adjacent the first end (121) of the cannula (120). The invention also includes a solid tip (130) having an anatomically distal end (131) secured to the first end (121) of the cannular (120) and a proximal end (132) configured to pierce tissue. A ramp (135) is disposed within the cannular (120) at an end (136) of the lateral opening (124) adjacent the first end (121) of the cannula (120). The ramp (135) is inclined toward the lateral opening (124), whereby the item will be deflected through the lateral opening (124) as it advances within the lumen (125) and exits the cannula (120). In some embodiments, the item is a biopsy needle, ablation means or a radiopharmaceutical seed. The invention also includes methods of obtaining a biopsy sample and methods for treating lesions.

Surgical and pharmaceutical site access guide and methods

Ultrasound of nerve and muscle

CT and sonographically guided needle biopsy: current techniques and new innovations.

With recent improvements in ultrasound (US) imaging equipment and refinements in scanning technique, an increasing number of peripheral nerves and related pathologic conditions can be identified. US imaging can support clinical and electrophysiologic testing for detection of nerve abnormalities caused by trauma, tumors, and a variety of nonneoplastic conditions, including entrapment neuropathies. This article addresses the normal US appearance of peripheral nerves and discusses the potential role of US nerve imaging in specific clinical settings. A series of US images of diverse pathologic processes involving peripheral nerves is presented.

Ultrasonography of peripheral nerves.

https://pedclerk.uchicago.edu/sites/pedclerk.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/1-s2.0-S0268960X08000787-main.pdf

Splenomegaly: Investigation, diagnosis and management

Focal lesions in the spleen: Sonographic patterns and guided biopsy

During sonographic examination of the neck using high-resolution small-parts equipment, the minor neurovascular bundle may be identified in virtually all patients. Postmortem studies in three cadavers demonstrated that this structure is actually the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Furthermore, findings observed during sonographic examinations of the neck in nine patients with RLN paralysis of unknown origin were reviewed. Compression, displacement, or infiltration of the nerve from thyroid (seven cases) or parathyroid (two cases) nodules were noted, and this allowed the site and cause of the paralysis to be identified.

High-resolution sonography of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: anatomic and pathologic considerations.

Ultrasonically-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of 52 suspected parathyroid tumors was performed in 42 patients with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Evidence of a parathyroid tumor was detected cytologically in 31 cases; in 14 the lesion could be attributed to the thyroid gland, while in 7 the aspirated material was inadequate. This technique proved to be extremely helpful in differentiating parathyroid tumors from thyroid nodules and in identifying parathyroid lesions having an atypical location or echo pattern.

Parathyroid tumors detected by fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasonic guidance.

Abstract Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and psychotic symptoms that fluctuate over time and can only be mitigated with the chronic administration of antipsychotics. Here, we propose biodegradable microPlates made of PLGA for the sustained release of risperidone over several weeks. Two microPlate configurations – short: 20 × 20 × 10 μm; tall: 20 × 20 × 20 μm – are engineered and compared to conventional ~ 10 μm PLGA microspheres in terms of risperidone loading and release. Tall microPlates realize the slowest release documenting a 35% risperidone delivery at 100 days with a residual rate of 30 ng/ml. Short microPlates and microspheres present similar release profiles with over 50% of the loaded risperidone delivered within the first 40 days. Then, the therapeutic efficacy of one single intraperitoneal injection of risperidone microPlates is compared to the daily administration of free risperidone in heterozygous knockout mice for dysbindin-1, a clinically relevant mouse model of cognitive and psychiatric liability. In temporal order object recognition tasks, mice treated with risperidone microPlates outperform those receiving free risperidone up to 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of observation. This suggests that the sustained release of antipsychotics from one-time microPlate deposition can rescue cognitive impairment in dysbindin mice for up to several weeks. Overall, these results demonstrate that risperidone-loaded microPlates are a promising platform for improving cognitive symptoms associated to schizophrenia. Moreover, the long-term efficacy with one single administration could be of clinical relevance in terms of patient’s compliance and adherence to the treatment regimen. Graphical abstract Single injection of long-acting risperidone-loaded µPL ameliorates the dysbindin-induced deficit in a clinically relevant mouse model of cognitive and psychiatric liability for up to 12 weeks 

/pdf/long-lasting-rescue-of-schizophrenia-relevant-cognitive-2rjf5htz.pdf

Long-lasting rescue of schizophrenia-relevant cognitive impairments via risperidone-loaded microPlates

/pdf/correction-shape-specific-microfabricated-particles-for-13uknicn.pdf

Correction: Shape-specific microfabricated particles for biomedical applications: a review

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