This report presents the conceptual design of a new European research infrastructure EuPRAXIA. The concept has been established over the last four years in a unique collaboration of 41 laboratories within a Horizon 2020 design study funded by the European Union. EuPRAXIA is the first European project that develops a dedicated particle accelerator research infrastructure based on novel plasma acceleration concepts and laser technology. It focuses on the development of electron accelerators and underlying technologies, their user communities, and the exploitation of existing accelerator infrastructures in Europe. EuPRAXIA has involved, amongst others, the international laser community and industry to build links and bridges with accelerator science — through realising synergies, identifying disruptive ideas, innovating, and fostering knowledge exchange. The Eu-PRAXIA project aims at the construction of an innovative electron accelerator using laser- and electron-beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration that offers a significant reduction in size and possible savings in cost over current state-of-the-art radiofrequency-based accelerators. The foreseen electron energy range of one to five gigaelectronvolts (GeV) and its performance goals will enable versatile applications in various domains, e.g. as a compact free-electron laser (FEL), compact sources for medical imaging and positron generation, table-top test beams for particle detectors, as well as deeply penetrating X-ray and gamma-ray sources for material testing. EuPRAXIA is designed to be the required stepping stone to possible future plasma-based facilities, such as linear colliders at the high-energy physics (HEP) energy frontier. Consistent with a high-confidence approach, the project includes measures to retire risk by establishing scaled technology demonstrators. This report includes preliminary models for project implementation, cost and schedule that would allow operation of the full Eu-PRAXIA facility within 8—10 years.

EuPRAXIA Conceptual Design Report

Faraday isolators for high average power lasers operating at room temperature are surveyed. Three devices on [001] oriented TGG crystals with the most known optical schemes are considered: traditional scheme, and schemes with compensation of thermally induced depolarization inside magnetic field and outside magnetic field. We report a unique 30-mm-aperture Faraday isolator with thermally induced depolarization compensation inside magnetic field. It provides 33.5-dB isolation ratio at 1.5-kW average laser power.

Review of Faraday Isolators for Kilowatt Average Power Lasers

Beam Dynamics Newsletter

The main advantage of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) over piezoelectric transducers is that no direct contact with the specimen under test is required. Therefore, EMATs can be used to test through coating layers. However, they produce weaker signals, and hence, their design has to be optimized. This paper focuses on the design of a Lorentz force shear wave EMAT and its application in thickness gaging; special emphasis is placed on the optimization of the design elements that correspond to the bias magnetic field of the EMAT. A configuration that consists of several magnets axisymmetrically arranged around a ferromagnetic core with like poles facing the core was found to give the best results. By using this configuration, magnetic flux densities in excess of 3 T were obtained in the surface of a specimen; the maximum value achieved by a single magnet under similar conditions is roughly 1.2 T. If the diameter of an EMAT ultrasonic aperture is 10 mm, the proposed configuration produces signals roughly 20 dB greater than a single magnet, while for a given overall EMAT volume, signals were greater than 3–6 dB. Linear and radial shear wave polarizations were also compared; a higher mode purity and signal intensity were obtained with the linear polarization.

/pdf/optimization-of-the-bias-magnetic-field-of-shear-wave-emats-4psm1p5oxt.pdf

Optimization of the Bias Magnetic Field of Shear Wave EMATs

Low-cost, pseudo-Halbach dipole magnets for NMR.

Strong permanent magnet quadrupole lens is one of the candidates as the final focus lens for the linear collider, because of its compactness and less power consumption, while one drawback is its fixed strength. The total strength of a lens can be changed by rotating subdivided pieces separately. Some issues on such a system will be discussed.

Permanent magnet quadrupole for final focus for linear collider

A super strong permanent magnet quadrupole (PMQ) was fabricated and tested. It has an integrated strength of 28.5T with overall length of 10 cm and a 7mm bore radius. The final focus quadrupole of a linear collider needs a variable focal. This can be obtained by slicing the magnet into pieces along the beamline direction and rotating these slices. But this technique may lead to movement of the magnetic center and introduction of a skew quadrupole component when the strength is varied. A "double ring structure" can ease these effects. A second prototype PMQ, containing thermal compensation materials and with a double ring structure, has been fabricated. Worm gear is selected as the mechanical rotating scheme because double ring structure needs large torque to rotate magnets. The structure of the second prototype PMQ is shown.

/pdf/a-super-strong-adjustable-permanent-magnet-for-the-final-36j5ixqwog.pdf

A Super Strong Adjustable Permanent Magnet for the Final Focus Quadrupole in a Linear Collider

The recent paper is devoted to design, manufacturing and testing the permanent magnet system to be used for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) cyclotron. The using permanent magnet material instead of copper coils allows essential electric power savings during PET cyclotron operation, though it comes to some increasing construction cost. The main problem why until now permanent magnets were not used for PET cyclotron magnet system is huge magnetic force, making cyclotron assembling/disassembling and isochronous magnetic field adjustment very difficult. For presented magnet system that problem is solved by applying rotating system providing the magnetic field switch-off (reduction to practically zero level inside working aperture). It makes assembling and adjustment easy at force free conditions. The main parameters of permanent magnet system are as follows: the average field is 1.4 T, pole radius is 375 mm and weight is 900 kg. As it shown in paper the magnetic properties of constructed permanent magnet system does satisfy to specification for magnet system of typical 10 MeV cyclotron for PET radioisotope production.

Permanent Magnet System for PET Cyclotron

A strong field as high as 3 Tesla with little saturation effect is possible in a design of “Magnet-in-Magnet” concept This concept was introduced originally in a Snowmass2001 with a motivation to increase the field strength of the Pipetron magnet for VLHC but applicable to many situations beside superconducting magnet Small model magnet was constructed and tested to demonstrate its validity of the concept Field distribution for different excitation levels are presented

Three TESLA magnet-in-magnet

The authors have been developing very strong permanent magnets. In the past, our magnets could generate greater than 5 Tesla dipole fields. We are now in a process of reaching much higher fields. The present paper is devoted to describing magnetic design developments in order to obtain super strong magnetic fields (of order of several Tesla magnitudes) with permanent magnets with a working gap sized large enough for practical applications.

Super strong permanent dipole magnet

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