We present here a new calculation of the gamma-ray spectrum from pp->pi^0 in the Galactic ridge environment. The calculation includes the diffractive pp interaction and incorporates the Feynman scaling violation for the first time. Galactic diffuse gamma-rays come, predominantly, from pi^0->gamma gamma in the sub-GeV to multi-GeV range. Hunter et al. found, however, an excess in the GeV range ("GeV Excess") in the EGRET Galactic diffuse spectrum above the prediction based on experimental pp->pi^0 cross-sections and the Feynman scaling hypothesis. We show, in this work, that the diffractive process makes the gamma-ray spectrum harder than the incident proton spectrum by ~0.05 in power-law index, and, that the scaling violation produces 30-80% more pi^0 than the scaling model for incident proton energies above 100GeV. Combination of the two can explain about a half of the "GeV Excess" with the local cosmic proton (power-law index ~2.7). The excess can be fully explained if the proton spectral index in the Galactic ridge is a little harder (~0.2 in power-law index) than the local spectrum. Given also in the paper is that the diffractive process enhances e^+ over e^- and the scaling violation gives 50-100% higher p-bar yield than without the violation, both in the multi-GeV range.

Diffractive Interaction and Scaling Violation in pp->pi^0 Interaction and GeV Excess in Galactic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Spectrum of EGRET

Inclusive hadronic fragmentation in K±p interactions at 32 GeV/c and counting rules

Analysis of Double Diffraction Dissociation in Nucleon-nucleon Collisions at the {CERN} {ISR}

We study single and double inclusive diffractive production in a 32 GeV/c K
+
p experiment in MIRABELLE at the Serpukhov accelerator. From reactionsK
+
p→K
++X
+ andK
+
p→X
++p we determine the total proton and kaon single diffractive dissociation cross sections
 
$$\sigma (p\xrightarrow{{K^ + }}p_D ) = 0.90 \pm 0.12 mb$$

 and
 
$$\sigma (K^ + \xrightarrow{p}K_D^ + ) = 0$$

 . 90±0.17 mb, respectively. In either case the only notable contributions come from dissociations into 1 and 3 charged particles. Kaon dissociation exhibits a pronounced slope-mass correlation. The search for double diffractive production in reactionsK
+
p→(K
+π−π+)+X
+ andK
+
p→(pπ
+
π
−)+X
+ leads in either case to an estimated total double diffractive cross section σ(K
+p→K
 D
 +
 pD) of ≅220 μb. The double dissociation differential cross section exhibits a large slope of ≅10GeV−2 in the nearthreshold mass region, rapidly decreasing to ≅4 GeV−2 with increasing excitation mass. At our c.m. energy
 
$$(\sqrt s \simeq 8 GeV)$$

 the ratio σinel dif/σel is 0.85±0.10, the total diffractive cross section σdif≡σel+σinel dif=4.41±0.24 mb and the fraction σdif(K
+
p)/σtot(K
+
p) is 25±2%. TheK
+ andK
− diffractive excitation mass spectra, differential cross sections and total diffractive cross sections are very similar for both single and double dissociations.

Inclusive single and double diffractive dissociations in K + p interactions at 32 GeV/ c

The inclusive proton diffraction dissociation cross sections in 16, 32, and 110 GeV/cK−p interactions are determined from the spike nearx=1 in the inclusive negative particle spectra and are compared to those obtained inK−p interactions using other selection methods at various energies. The same procedure is applied to events containing aV0 in order to obtain the cross section for diffractive$s\bar s$ production. While the total cross section for proton diffraction is found to be approximately constant in the energy range studied here, proton diffraction yielding an$s\bar s - pair$ is found to increase significantly. In particular it is almost constant at 85 μb forΛ0 and Σ production but for$NK\bar K$ it rises from zero at 16 GeV.c to about 200 μb at 110 GeV/c. From the result for$s\bar s$ diffractive production an estimate for the$c\bar c$ diffractive production cross section of approximately 1–10 μb at 110 GeV/c is obtained.

Diffractive proteon fragmentation in 16, 32, and 110 GeV/cK−p interactions and the diffractive production of heavy quarks$(s\bar s,c\bar c)$

Single and double diffractive dissociation in K−p interactions at 32 GeV/c

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Single and double diffractive dissociation in K−p interactions at 32 GeV/c