Effects of sediment geochemical properties on heavy metal bioavailability.

A review of approaches and techniques used in aquatic contaminated sediments: metal removal and stabilization by chemical and biotechnological processes

Heavy metal contamination has been a serious threat to environment and human health Carbon-based materials, from biochar/activated carbon to modified materials (ie carbon nanotubes-based materials, and graphene-based materials), have been widely studied as efficient adsorbents for the heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions This review discussed the recent achievements in adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics and adsorption mechanism according to the existing forms of heavy metals in water The effect of process conditions, such as temperature, pH value, and coexisting ions, on adsorption performance are combed, and the universal guidance law is obtained The physical adsorption, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, surface complexation, and precipitation/coprecipitation play important roles in heavy metals adsorption process In addition to the common activated carbon(AC), biochar(BC) and the emerging carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and graphene(GN) adsorbent show good development potentials Meanwhile, though the modified carbonaceous materials can achieve high adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of heavy metals, the modification operation is complex, especially chemical modification Acid and alkali solution are often used to regenerate spent materials in desorption, however, further studies of other desorption reagent are really needed This review highlights the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using carbon-based materials as adsorbents, and discusses the existing deficiencies and suggestions on further study

Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using carbon-based adsorbents: A review

A new index for assessing heavy metals contamination in sediments: A case study

A critical review on the interactions of microplastics with heavy metals: Mechanism and their combined effect on organisms and humans.

The effect of sediment size on metals bioleaching from bay sediments was investigated by using fine (< 45 microm), medium (45-300 microm), and coarse (300-2000 microm) size fractions of a sediment sample contaminated with Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Chemical speciation of the metals in bulk and size fractions of sediment were studied before and after bioleaching. Microbial activity was provided with mixed cultures of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The bioleaching process was carried out in flask experiments for 48 days, by using 5% (W/V) of solid concentration in suspension. Bioleaching was found to be efficient for the removal of selected heavy metals from every size fraction of sediments, where the experiments with the smaller particles resulted in the highest solubilization ratios. At the end of the experimental period, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were solubilized to the ratios of 68%, 88%, 72%, and 91% from the fine sediment, respectively. Higher removal efficiencies can be explained by the larger surface area provided by the smaller particles. The changes in the chemical forms of metals were determined and most of the metal releases were observed from the reducible and organic fractions independent from grain size. Higher concentrations were monitored in the residual fraction after bioleaching period, suggesting they are trapped in this fraction, and cannot be solubilized under natural conditions.

Effect of sediment size on bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediments of Izmir Inner Bay

Izmir Bay is known to be polluted by high concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Sediment samples taken from 7 different stations in Izmir Inner Bay were analyzed for their total organic matter content and, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn. In addition, the chemical distribution of the metals were determined by means of the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) Extraction Procedure (developed by European Commission for Standards, Measurement and Testing) which allows the determination of metals bound as four fractions; exchangeable and acid soluble, reducible (bound to iron-manganese oxides), oxidizable (bound to organics) and residual. The results show that Izmir Inner Bay contains sediments with high metal concentrations. According to the chemical distribution of metals, Cr and Cu tend to accumulate mostly on the organic fraction of the sediment. Pb is mostly found in the reducible fraction where Zn is mobile in the sediment, and it is distributed evenly on each fraction.

Heavy metals partitioning in the sediments of Izmir Inner Bay

Four acid digestion procedures were applied to certified samples to offer a proper method for determination of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soils and sediments. EPA’s Acid Digestion Procedure 3050B and three low pressure power microwave heating programmes modified in this study were tested by using two standard materials; Estuarine Sediment-1646A and San Joaquin Soil-2709. Short digestion time, less acid consumption, and high extraction efficiency were noted as the advantages of microwave digestion procedures. According to the results, San Joaquin Soil was efficiently extracted with the second microwave heating programme named as P2 (84.4% Cr, 96.9%Cu, 102.3% Pb, 90.1% Zn)  where Estuarine Sediment gave the most accurate results (99.8% Cr, 103.9% Cu, 97.4% Pb, 96.3% Zn ) with the third extraction procedure (P3). Keywords: acid digestion, heavy metal,  microwave extraction, sediment, soil

/pdf/comparison-of-acid-digestion-techniques-to-determine-heavy-4kz4u7mzkj.pdf

Comparison of acid digestion techniques to determine heavy metals in sediment and soil samples

The natural soil, processing products, and wastes generated in a colemanite mining site were studied according to their mineral structures, contents of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, Al, and Fe. The possible sources, chemical distributions, and the mobilization behaviors of the metals and the correlations between the metal mobilization ratios and their chemical partitioning were also examined and evaluated. The mineralogical composition of the materials was determined, and the correlations between the mineralogical sources of the determined metals with each other were investigated by using principal component analysis. The results showed that mica and smectite were considered to be the source of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn, and As was found in the mineral structure of the colemanite. On the other hand, the distributions of the metals in the binding forms indicated that Cr, Ni, Zn, Al, and Fe were mostly bound on the residual fraction, while Cu, Mn, and As were distributed in labile forms. Arsenic was recognized as the most mobile element with 10.37% mobility. Fe mobilization was originated from exchangeable fraction, where As mobilization was significantly correlated with its reducible and organic fractions.

Assessment of chemical fractionations and mobilization potentials for heavy metals in wastes and other solid matrices in a mining site in the inland Aegean Region in Turkey

Arastirma kapsaminda, farkli oranlarda deri aritma camuru kompostu ilave edilen funda topraginda cim yetistirilmis ve 45 gunluk deney periyodu sonunda Cr, Cu, Zn ve Ni metallerinin bitkiye transfer katsayilari belirlenmistir. Calismanin temel amaci sozkonusu metallerin toprak-kompost karisiminda bagli bulunduklari kimyasal baglanma formlarinin dagilimini tespit ederek, bu dagilimin metalin bitkiye transferindeki etkisini irdelemektir. Deney sonuclarina gore, topraga kutlece %5ve %10 oraninda kompost ilavesinin bitki gelisimini %29-32 oraninda arttirdigi gorulmustur. Agir metallerin bitkiye transfer katsayilari buyukten kucuge Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr olarak bulunmustur. Agir metallerin topraktaki kimyasal baglanma formlarinin bitkiye transferlerinde dogrudan etkisi oldugu anlasilmistir. Karisimlarda, toplam konsantrasyonu yuksek olan Cr buyuk oranda (%47.24-76.09) hareketsiz (immobil) haldeki  kalinti fraksiyonda bulunmaktadir. Bu durum, krom icin tespit edilen dusuk transfer katsayilarini aciklamaktadir. Zn ise deneme topraklarinda yuksek oranda kararsiz fraksiyonlarda bulunmakta ve toprak-bitki etkilesiminde mobil davranarak cim bitkisine kolaylikla transfer olmaktadir. Cu ve Ni yuksek oranda organik fraksiyona bagli olup, transfer katsayilari deneme sirasinda mineralize olan organik madde ile orantilidir.

/pdf/deri-aritma-camuru-kompostu-ilavesiye-gerceklestirilen-cim-2f3s57g7et.pdf

DERİ ARITMA ÇAMURU KOMPOSTU İLAVESİYE GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLEN ÇİM YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİNDE Cr, Cu, Zn VE Ni METALLERİNİN KİMYASAL DAĞILIMI VE BİTKİYE TRANSFERİ

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