With XML becoming a ubiquitous language for data interoperability purposes in various domains, efficiently querying XML data is a critical issue. This has lead to the design of algebraic frameworks based on tree-shaped patterns akin to the tree-structured data model of XML. Tree patterns are graphic representations of queries over data trees. They are actually matched against an input data tree to answer a query. Since the turn of the 21st century, an astounding research effort has been focusing on tree pattern models and matching optimization (a primordial issue). This paper is a comprehensive survey of these topics, in which we outline and compare the various features of tree patterns. We also review and discuss the two main families of approaches for optimizing tree pattern matching, namely pattern tree minimization and holistic matching. We finally present actual tree pattern-based developments, to provide a global overview of this significant research topic.

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A Survey of XML Tree Patterns

Purpose – Efficient processing of XML queries is critical for XML data management and related applications Previously proposed techniques are unsatisfactory The purpose of this paper is to present Determined – a new prototype system designed for XML query processing and optimization from a system perspective With Determined, a number of novel techniques for XML query processing are proposed and demonstratedDesign/methodology/approach – The methodology emphasizes on query pattern minimization, logic‐level optimization, and efficient query execution Accordingly, three lines of investigation have been pursued in the context of Determined: XML tree pattern query (TPQ) minimization; logic‐level XML query optimization utilizing deterministic transformation; and specialized algorithms for fast XML query executionFindings – Developed and demonstrated were: a runtime optimal and powerful algorithm for XML TPQ minimization; a unique logic‐level XML query optimization approach that solely pursues deterministic

Determined: a system with novel techniques for XML query optimization and evaluation

Purpose – Tree pattern is at the core of XML queries. The tree patterns in XML queries typically contain redundancies, especially when broad integrity constraints (ICs) are present and considered. Apparently, tree pattern minimization has great significance for efficient XML query processing. Although various minimization schemes/algorithms have been proposed, none of them can exploit broad ICs for thoroughly minimizing the tree patterns in XML queries. The purpose of this research is to develop an innovative minimization scheme and provide a novel implementation algorithm.Design/methodology/approach – Query augmentation/expansion was taken as a necessary first‐step by most prior approaches to acquire XML query pattern minimization under the presence of certain ICs. The adopted augmentation/expansion is also the course for the typical O(n4) time‐complexity of the proposed algorithms. This paper presents an innovative approach called allying to effectively circumvent the otherwise necessary augmentation st...

An efficient algorithm for tree pattern query minimization under broad integrity constraints

With XML becoming an ubiquitous language for data interoperability purposes in various domains, efficiently querying XML data is a critical issue. This has lead to the design of algebraic frameworks based on tree-shaped patterns akin to the tree-structured data model of XML. Tree patterns are graphic representations of queries over data trees. They are actually matched against an input data tree to answer a query. Since the turn of the twenty-first century, an astounding research effort has been focusing on tree pattern models and matching optimization (a primordial issue). This paper is a comprehensive survey of these topics, in which we outline and compare the various features of tree patterns. We also review and discuss the two main families of approaches for optimizing tree pattern matching, namely pattern tree minimization and holistic matching. We finally present actual tree pattern-based developments, to provide a global overview of this significant research topic.

In this paper, we provide a polynomial-time tree pattern query minimization algorithm whose efficiency stems from two key observations: (i) Inherent redundant “components” usually exist inside the rudimentary query provided by the user. (ii) Irredundant nodes may become redundant when constraints such as co-occurrence and required child/descendant are given. We show the result that the algorithm obtained by first augmenting the input tree pattern using the constraints, and then applying minimization, always finds the unique minimal equivalent to the original query. We complement our analytical results with an experimental study that shows the effectiveness of our tree pattern minimization techniques.

Minimization of XML Tree Pattern Queries in the Presence of Integrity Constraints

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Minimization of XML Tree Pattern Queries in the Presence of Integrity Constraints