Cities for People

Bus routes are typically updated every 3–5 years to meet constantly changing travel demands. However, identifying deficient bus routes and finding their optimal replacements remain challenging due to the difficulties in analyzing a complex bus network and the large solution space comprising alternative routes. Most of the automated approaches cannot produce satisfactory results in real-world settings without laborious inspection and evaluation of the candidates. The limitations observed in these approaches motivate us to collaborate with domain experts and propose a visual analytics solution for the performance analysis and incremental planning of bus routes based on an existing bus network. Developing such a solution involves three major challenges, namely, a) the in-depth analysis of complex bus route networks, b) the interactive generation of improved route candidates, and c) the effective evaluation of alternative bus routes. For challenge a, we employ an overview-to-detail approach by dividing the analysis of a complex bus network into three levels to facilitate the efficient identification of deficient routes. For challenge b, we improve a route generation model and interpret the performance of the generation with tailored visualizations. For challenge c, we incorporate a conflict resolution strategy in the progressive decision-making process to assist users in evaluating the alternative routes and finding the most optimal one. The proposed system is evaluated with two usage scenarios based on real-world data and received positive feedback from the experts. Index Terms-Bus route planning, spatial decision-making, urban data visual analytics

pdf/towards-better-bus-networks-a-visual-analytics-approach-2105fj0u79.pdf

Towards Better Bus Networks: A Visual Analytics Approach

The location of logistics nodes that facilitate the China Railway Express (CRexpress) and rail-sea intermodal transportation has received increasing attention in China under the Belt and Road initiative. This paper selects 38 cities as candidate Chinese international container intermodal hubs (CICIHs) through qualitative screening by considering the current operations of the CRexpress/rail-sea intermodal transportation and government planning strategies. Subsequently, five connectivity indexes are proposed to reflect the node performance considering the multiple modes and stages of transportation in a logistics chain. In view of the shortcomings of the grey relational analysis-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (GRA-TOPSIS) method, a hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model is proposed to comprehensively evaluate the hub location. The model is based on the grey area relational analysis-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (GARA-TOPSIS) in combination with analytic hierarchy process, entropy method and game theory. Tianjin, Harbin, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing, Xi’an, Urumqi, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Nanning are selected as the final CICIHs, considering the geographical location, economic development and national policy pertaining to the Belt and Road initiative. A sensitivity analysis of the index weight and preference coefficient and a comparative analysis of different MCDM methods are performed. The robustness and stability of the proposed model are verified. This study can support the location selection of CICIHs and expand the methods and applications in the decision-making field.

Hybrid MCDM Model for Location of Logistics Hub: A Case in China Under the Belt and Road Initiative

Transport decision processes have traditionally applied cost–benefit analysis (CBA) with benefits mainly relating to time-savings, and costs relating to infrastructure and maintenance costs. However, a shift toward more sustainable practices was initiated over the last decades to remedy the many negative impacts of automobility. As a result, decision processes related to transport projects have become more complex due to the multidimensional aspects and to the variety of stakeholders involved, often with conflicting points of view. To support rigourous decision-making, multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) is, in addition to CBA, often used by governments and cities. However, there is still no consensus in the transport field regarding a preferred method that can integrate sustainability principles. This paper presents a descriptive literature review related to MCDA and CBA in the field of transport. Among the 66 considered papers, we identified the perceived strengths and weaknesses of CBA and MCDA, the different ways to combine them and the ability of each method to support sustainable transport decision processes. We further analysed the results based on four types of rationality (objectivist, conformist, adjustive, and reflexive). Our results show that both methods can help improve the decision processes and that, depending on the rationality adopted, the perceived strengths and weaknesses of MCDA and CBA can vary. Nonetheless, we observe that by adopting a more global and holistic perspective and by facilitating the inclusion of a participative process, MCDA, or a combination of both methods, emerge as the more promising appraisal methods for sustainable transport.

https://corpus.ulaval.ca/jspui/bitstream/20.500.11794/70422/1/EJDP_Review_CBA_MCDA_Pre-copy-edit.pdf

A review of cost–benefit analysis and multicriteria decision analysis from the perspective of sustainable transport in project evaluation

Urban population growth and urbanization with its impact on urban planning require continuous research in order to address the challenges posed by transportation requirements. Identifying transportation capacity (road and railways) is an important task that can identify whether the network is capable of sustaining the present volume of traffic and whether it can handle the future intended traffic flow. A new city, XiongAn, will be built in the coming years in order to relieve the pressure of population on Beijing and disperse the economic growth, business activity, and opportunities across the country. The focus of this research is to generate a transportation model between Beijing and XiongAn, in order to increase connection and connectivity, reduce travel time, and increase transfer capacity between the two hubs (Beijing-XiongAn). The existing transportation network between two cities is analyzed and a network which can handle future demand has been proposed. The first stage has been the investigation of a variety of options using geographic information system (GIS). Planning and implementing a mass transit system requires choosing among options such as an existing intercity railway line, a new high-speed railway line, and/or motorway options. In the second phase of our analysis, we assess these options relative to multiple criteria, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The options were evaluated using various criteria responsible for selection of alternative; it is found that travel time, cost of travel, safety, reliability, accessibility, and environment are key criteria for selecting the best alternative. The GIS and multicriteria analysis suggested that the best option is to build a new high speed railway line.

/pdf/transportation-planning-through-gis-and-multicriteria-2qjvwdkl1q.pdf

Transportation Planning through GIS and Multicriteria Analysis: Case Study of Beijing and XiongAn

Beijing, the capital of China, is increasing enormously relative to its economy, pollution, population and dependency on private vehicles. Most of the Chinese cities are built and being built as a car-centric city. Six million cars are registered in Beijing, and with passage of time the attraction of private vehicles increases. Increasing in infrastructure the selection towards private vehicle is boosting. Municipality of Beijing is busy to use the conventional ways to solve the congestion problem rather than the smart solution, what megacities need to adopt. Beijing is second-worst in length of communing time.   This paper addresses the traffic congestion problem in the central part of the Beijing by using “Mixed Use Small Block Concept”, where the network of roads spreads like veins in a human body, and the accessibility around center is dependent on vehicle. The aim is to recover the areas from cars and give it to residential and improve their accessibility by changing the mode of travel from car to walking and cycling, and provide clear boundaries and redesign the area by using Small Block Mixed use concept. Combining the public transportation, urban planning design and Non-Motorized Transportation priority will lead the city towards livability.The right to access every building in the city by private motorcars actually the right to destroy the city.” Mumford.

/pdf/downsizing-strategy-for-cars-beijing-for-people-not-for-cars-ovi7i918rv.pdf

Downsizing Strategy for Cars, Beijing for People Not for Cars: Planning for People

Following the urbanization trend all over the world, similar to other Asian countries China is also experiencing rapid urbanization and motorization. Specially, Beijing being capitol city has burgeoned in last decade unexpectedly. The problem related to traffic congestion including longer travel times, long queues at intersections and road crashes etc. have increased to alarming levels. The high rate of vehicle ownership and increase in road capacities by providing new roads and flyovers made the more worst. For developing Beijing as a livable city, a new integrated planning strategy is proposed here in the paper. The paper discusses model policy to be incorporated by urban planners and developers considering Transit oriented development, mixed use development, Non-motorized transportation and transport demand management tools for safe and sustainable development. The paper concludes with various suggestions and measures have been highlighted to address the urban development problems.

https://dpi-proceedings.com/index.php/dtmse/article/download/10874/10427

Integrated Planning Model for Safe and Sustainable Transportation Development in Beijing, China

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Papers

Transportation Planning through GIS and Multicriteria Analysis: Case Study of Beijing and XiongAn

Downsizing Strategy for Cars, Beijing for People Not for Cars: Planning for People

Integrated Planning Model for Safe and Sustainable Transportation Development in Beijing, China