Australia is one of the major coal producing countries in the world. Coal mine abandonment, groundwater rebound due to cessation of dewatering and associated pollution problems are a cause of serious concern throughout the world, and in particular, in Australia. Coal mining often leads to major environmental pollution problems when pyritic mineral is associated with the coal. The oxidation of pyrite usually generates acid mine drainage (AMD). The generation of AMD containing Fe, Fe, SOA~ and H is a source of great concern and can contaminate water resources. Prediction of groundwater inflow into a mining excavation is important for the design of an effective dewatering system during the feasibility stage of a surface mining operation. A two-dimensional numerical finite element model called SEEPAV has been used for predicting the inflow of water into a surface mine working. The SEEPAV is a 32-bit graphical software that operates on the PC under Microsoft Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000, and XP operating systems. This model has a capability to simulate saturated/unsaturated flow conditions and to calculate the height of the seepage faces of the mining excavation taking into account the hydraulic conductivities and the water content as a function of pore water pressure. The SEEPAV model with some modifications has also been used to predict the groundwater rebound within backfilled open cut mines. This model has the ability to simulate groundwater flow problems in partially saturated porous media. Flexibility in the model is achieved by assigning different boundary conditions to the model. The results of the model of groundwater rebound are presented and compared with those obtained from analytical solutions, using the existing numerical model as well as with iii the field monitored data observed in the U K . This model calculates realistic results that can be used by mine operators and environmental engineers to control the quality of mine drainage in a backfilled open cut mine operation. A two-dimensional numerical finite volume model using PHOENICS as a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) package has been developed to simulate the transport of oxygen and long-term oxidation of pyrite as well as transport of oxidation products from a backfilled open cut coal mine. Gaseous diffusion was considered to be the principal mechanism for the transport of oxygen through the spoil. It was assumed that both oxygen and ferric iron produced by bacterially mediated oxidation of ferrous iron participate in the oxidation of pyrite. The pyrite oxidation reaction is based on the shrinking-core model. The model takes into account the effects of both surface reaction kinetics and the rate of oxidant diffusion into the particle. The model also assumes the particles have spherical shape and considers the rate of pyrite oxidation to be first order with respect to oxidant concentration and pyrite surface area. Complexation of ferric iron is assumed to take place within the spoil solution. The model can take into account the role of sulphate reduction bacteria governed by Monod type kinetics. The model also incorporates acid neutralisation reactions, linear and equilibrium-controlled ion exchange reactions as well as the effects of precipitation of ferric iron. In this present model, chemical and bacterial oxidation of Fe, pyrite oxidation by oxygen and ferric iron, oxygen diffusion and bacterial sulphate reduction are relatively slow and assumed to be kinetically controlled but ion exchange and complexation reactions as well as precipitation reactions are fast and these are assumed to be equilibrium controlled reactions. Comparisons were made with published numerical modelling results and close agreement was achieved.

https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2829&context=theses

Hydrogeological investigations of backfilled surface coal mine sites

Traditionally, hydrogeological research into the effects of changes in groundwater quality has focused on the influence of industrial and/or agricultural near-surface sources of contamination on the subsurface environment. However, in water supply systems (wellfields), the change in hydraulic conditions due to pumping can, on its own account, become a hazard to the water quality. Thus, water withdrawal from a well or a well cluster creates a potential for vertical (upward or downward) migration of water with specific ion or isotope composition through or from neighboring hydrogeological units to the water-producing aquifers, resulting in degradation of the pumped groundwater quality. The relevant analytical models, describing the shift in the depth stratification of water quality in interconnected aquifers (leaky aquifer systems) under the influence of groundwater withdrawal, supplement a set of models predicting the saltwater upconing towards the pumping wells due to freshwater abstraction (see Sects. 8.5, 12.3, and 14.2.3). Water quality degradation within the aquifers where vertical leakage is induced by hydraulic-head differences was observed in many wellfields under exploitation all over the world (Goode et al. 1993; E1-Bihery and Lachmar 1994; Foster and Chilton 2003; Marandi and Vallner 2010).

Models for Prediction of Effects of Pumping on Groundwater Quality at Well-Fields

Ausgangspunkt der Suche nach Erfolgsfaktoren war die Entwicklung effizienter, strategisch ausgerichteter Informations- und Kontrollsysteme fur das Management. In einem 1961 veroffentlichen Artikel zur „Management Information Crisis“ forderte Daniel, die zunehmende „Papierflut“ im Zuge der computerisierten Informationsverarbeitungsprozesse auf ein sinnvolles Mas zu reduzieren und systematisch Schlusselinformationen fur das Management herauszufiltern, die den Unternehmungserfolg innerhalb einer Branche masgeblich beeinflussen.1 „In most industries there are usually three to six factors that determine success; these key jobs must be done exeedingly well for a company to be successfull.“2 Mit Hilfe dieser sogenannten „success factors“ sollten den Entscheidungstragern Informationen vorliegen, die erfolgsdeterminierend waren und bei der Planung, im operativen Geschaft und bei Kontrollmasnahmen benotigt wurden.

Standortbestimmung der Erfolgsfaktorenforschung

A computer model has been developed to simulate the generation of acidic drainage in waste rock piles. The model considers the kinetic rates of biological and chemical oxidation of sulfide minerals (pyrite, pyrrhotite) present as fines and rock particles, as well as chemical processes such as dissolution (kinetic or equilibrium controlled), complexation (from equilibrium and stoichiometry of several complexes), and precipitation (formation of complexes and secondary minerals). Through mass balance equations and solubility constraints (e.g., pH, phase equilibria) the model keeps track of the movement of chemical species through the waste pile and provides estimates of the quality of seepage (pH, sulfate, iron, acidity, etc.) leaving the heap. The model has been expanded to include the dissolution (thermodynamic and sorption equilibrium), adsorption and coprecipitation of uranium and radium. The model was applied to simulate waste rock heaps in British Columbia, Canada and in Thtiringia, Germany. To improve the accuracy and confidence of long-term predictions of seepage quality, the entire history of the heaps was simulated. Cumulative acidity loads and water treatment considerations were used as a basis for evaluation of various decommissioning alternatives. Simulation of the technical leaching history of a heap in Germany showed it will generate contaminated leachate requiring treatment for acidity and radioactivity for several hundred years; cover installation was shown to provide a significant reduction of potential burdens, although chemical treatment would still be required beyond 100 years. Additional

http://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference%20Proceedings/1994%20Vol%201/0030-scharer.pdf

Mathematical simulation of a waste rock heap

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Mathematical simulation of a waste rock heap