The objective of this study was to examine the impact and underlying mechanisms of pelargonidin-3-galactoside (Pg3gal) produced from purple sweet potatoes on colonic inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in a murine model of ulcerative colitis (UC). C57BL/6J mice were categorized into four groups (n = 6 per group): DSS+Pg3gal, control, control+Pg3gal, and DSS. Colitis was induced by providing free access to 3% DSS for 10 days. The DSS+Pg3gal model mice received DSS concurrently with intragastric Pg3gal (25 mg/kg). The health of the mice was carefully monitored on a regular basis, and scores for the Disease Activity Index (DAI) were documented. A histological assessment was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate the extent of mucosal injury present. The expression levels of IL-6, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-Caspase-1, TNF-α, N-GSDMS, and cleaved-IL-1β proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. The process of 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out to examine the composition and relative abundance of gut microbiotas within the intestines of the mice. The DAI results revealed that Pg3gal significantly attenuated the DSS-induced UC in mice. In addition, it successfully alleviated the decline in colon size, improved the condition of colonic tissue, and significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, in the colon tissues. Additionally, Pg3gal modulated the DSS-induced imbalanced gut microbiota, as evidenced by decreased Proteobacteria and Deferribacteres and simultaneous elevation in Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia. In summary, Pg3gal alleviated DSS-induced UC by inhibiting pyroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells and enhancing the structural integrity of the gut microbiota.

Anthocyanin Extracted from Purple Sweet Potato Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice by Suppressing Pyroptosis and Altering Intestinal Flora Structure.

Colitis is a major gastrointestinal disease that threatens human health. In this study, a synbiotic composed of inulin and Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) was investigated for its ability to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The results revealed that the synbiotic, composed of inulin and P. acidilactici, attenuated the body weight loss and disease activity index (DAI) score in mice with DSS-mediated colitis. Determination of biochemical indicators found that the synbiotic increased anti-oxidation and alleviated inflammation in mice. Additionally, histopathological examination revealed that colonic goblet cell loss and severe mucosal damage in the model group were significantly reversed by the combination of inulin and P. acidilactici. Moreover, synbiotic treatment significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the serum of mice. Thus, a synbiotic composed of inulin and P. acidilactici has preventive and therapeutic effects on DSSinduced colitis in mice.

Synbiotic of Pediococcus acidilactici and Inulin Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis in Mice.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of sodium butyrate (NaB), grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), or their combination against dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation, which is a proxy for colon carcinogenesis in the rat colon. Results After inducing colon cancer, all treatments markedly decreased the overall numbers of ACF, with the NaB–GSPE combination eliciting the most pronounced reduction. All the treatments significantly inhibited cell proliferation as indicated by the lower percentages of Ki67-positive cells in the colonic mucosa. Also, caspase-3-immunolabeled cells were found to be significantly increased after all treatments, indicating more apoptotic activity in the initiated colonocytes. Further, the treatments significantly modulated the levels of antioxidant biomarkers, including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity, suggesting a potently induced antioxidant activity, especially after the combination treatment. All treatments, especially the combination, dramatically downregulated the expression of COX-2 and APC , both of which are directly linked to colon cancer. Conclusions NaB and GSPE exert potent anti-carcinogenic effects, both alone but more effectively in combination, in a rat colon cancer model. They could be important for colon cancer treatment and for adjuvant therapy in humans. 

pdf/proanthocyanidin-and-sodium-butyrate-synergistically-3410oehlw8.pdf

Proanthocyanidin and sodium butyrate synergistically modulate rat colon carcinogenesis by scavenging free radicals and regulating the COX-2 and APC pathways

The aim of this work was to analyze the expression of Ki-67 in ovary, testis of aging mice with anthocyanidin extract from Summer-black-grape. ICR mice (the aging group and the anthocyanidin-groups (50 mg/kg/D-group, 75 mg/kg/D-group and 100 mg/kg/D-group) were employed to evaluate the effect of grape anthocyanidin on reproductive system. The results showed that the anthocyanidin had strong scavenging ability for free radicals, the level of oxidation in serum of mice treated with anthocyanidin was low, and the pathological changes were not obvious. In the anthocyanidin group, the Ki-67 positive particles in the testis and ovary tissue were significantly decreased. The anthocyanidin of Summer-black-grape reduces the expression of Ki-67 protein in the testis or ovary of aging mice. In gonadal cells of aging mice, the anthocyanidin were shown protective effect in the proliferation.

Anthocyanidin Extract from Summer-black-grape Affects the Expression of Ki-67 in Testis, Ovary of D-Galactose-induced Aging Mice

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Anthocyanidin Extract from Summer-black-grape Affects the Expression of Ki-67 in Testis, Ovary of D-Galactose-induced Aging Mice