Background: Voltaren vehicle gel is the carrier substance of the topical Voltaren products. This vehicle gel is especially formulated to be easily applied on the skin, while providing some sensory benefits. The present study aims to substantiate the widely perceived hydrating and cooling effect of Voltaren vehicle gel. Methods: Volar forearm skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured and user satisfaction was evaluated by questionnaires, after application in 31 healthy, female volunteers. The cooling effect was investigated for 40 min with thermal imaging on 12 forearm sites of six healthy subjects. Results: Voltaren vehicle gel application increased skin hydration by 13.1% (P = 0.0002) when compared with the untreated site, 8 h after the final treatment after 2 weeks. TEWL decreased on both treated (0.37 g/m 2 /h) and untreated (0.74 g/m 2 /h) forearm sites after 2 weeks (8 h after last treatment), demonstrating a relative increase of 6.5% in water loss. Voltaren vehicle gel application resulted in a rapid reduction of skin surface temperature by 5.1°C after only 3 min with an average maximum reduction of 5.8°C after 10 min. The cooling effect was experienced by 94% subjects, while 74% felt that their skin became softer. No adverse events, including skin irritation, were reported during the study and by the 37 participants. Conclusion: This study showed a statistically significant increase in skin hydration as well as a rapid cooling effect lasting approximately 30 min, after application of Voltaren vehicle gel. The small relative increase in water loss may be attributed to an additional skin surface water loss secondary to the increased water content brought into the skin by the Voltaren vehicle gel. The use did not induce any skin irritation and was found acceptable to use by the majority of participants.

Skin hydration and cooling effect produced by the Voltaren® vehicle gel.

Short-term effects of alcohol-based disinfectant and detergent on skin irritation

Two virucidal hand rubs containing high concentrations of ethanol were evaluated for their irritating and sensitizing propensities in a Human Repeated Insult Patch Test (HRIPT). Whereas the numbers of responses elicited by Product A and an ethanol control were commensurately low and not significantly different (p<0.256), the number elicited by Product B was significantly higher than those elicited by either Product A or control (p<0.001). Product A was found to be devoid of clinically significant irritating propensities; Product B, a weak cumulative irritant. It was shown that it is possible to use high concentrations of ethanol in formulating highly effective virucidal hand disinfectants without compromising the skin compatibility of the product.

/pdf/skin-compatibility-of-two-ethanol-based-virucidal-hand-wbxxwaosxk.pdf

Skin compatibility of two ethanol based virucidal hand disinfectants

Alcohol-based hand gels have become a standard in hand hygiene in the United States but many of them are significantly less effective than liquid alcohol-based hand disinfectants. An improved ethanol-based gel (85%, w/w) with an efficacy equal to liquid products was investigated for dermal tolerance and skin hydrating properties which are essential to achieve a high compliance rate with hand hygiene. For the repetitive occlusive patch test 224 subjects were studied, 213 finished the study. Sterilium Comfort Gel was applied to one site on the back under an occlusive patch during an induction phase (9 applications over 3 weeks) and 2 weeks later to a virgin site on the back during a challenge phase (1 application). Sites were graded for skin reactions using a standardized scale 24 h after removal of the patches (induction phase and challenge phase) as well as 48 and 72 h later (challenge phase). To evaluate skin hydrating properties of the gel, treated skin of 23 subjects was compared to untreated skin. The gel was applied twice a day to the forearm for 14 days. Control corneometer values were taken before application of the gel and after 1 and 2 weeks. In the induction phase none of the 213 subjects had a skin reaction. In the challenge phase one subject had a barely perceptible skin reaction at one time point. Relative skin hydration on treated skin in comparison to the untreated control fields was significantly higher after one week by 7.7% (p = 0.0007; paired t-test for dependent samples) and after two weeks by 14.1% (p < 0.0001). The gel did not demonstrate a clinically relevant potential for dermal irritation or sensitization and significantly increased skin hydration after repetitive use and so could enhance compliance with hand hygiene among health care workers.

/pdf/dermal-tolerance-and-effect-on-skin-hydration-of-an-improved-3avimfjijl.pdf

Dermal tolerance and effect on skin hydration of an improved ethanol-based hand gel

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Dermal tolerance and effect on skin hydration of an improved ethanol-based hand gel