Water transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

aLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA bLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA cUnited Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut 06118, USA dSchool of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom eChemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA fFuel Cell Research and Development, General Motors, Pontiac, Michigan 48340, USA gBallard Power Systems, Burnaby, British Columbia V5J 5J8, Canada hFuel Cell Research Centre, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada iDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA jDepartment of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA kDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Technology, SUNY Alfred State College, Alfred, New York 14802, USA lDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G, Canada

/pdf/a-critical-review-of-modeling-transport-phenomena-in-polymer-45i9vv0dsg.pdf

A Critical Review of Modeling Transport Phenomena in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells

A review of gas diffusion layers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells—With a focus on characteristics, characterization techniques, materials and designs

A key performance limitation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC), called the mass transport loss, originates from liquid water transport and resulting flooding phenomena in the constituent components. The cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) is a primary contributor to mass transport loss owing to the blockage of available pore space by liquid water thereby rendering hindered oxygen transport to the active reaction sites in the electrode. The GDL, typically a fibrous non-woven carbon paper or a woven carbon cloth, thus plays an important role in the water management of a PEFC. This Feature Article provides a systematic description of the development of pore-scale models coupled with realistic microstructural delineation as well as micron-resolution imaging techniques to study the profound influence of the underlying structure and surface wettability on liquid water transport and interfacial dynamics in the fuel cell GDL. A pore-network model and a two-phase lattice Boltzmann model coupled with stochastic generation of GDL microstructures are elaborated. Concurrently, optical diagnostics of water dynamics at GDL interfaces and X-ray micro-tomographic imaging of liquid water distribution inside the GDL of an operating fuel cell are discussed.

Impact of GDL structure and wettability on water management in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Mesoscopic modeling of two-phase behavior and flooding phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

http://www.geodict.com/Publications/2005ReportFraunhoferITWM_Nr72.pdf

Design of acoustic trim based on geometric modeling and flow simulation for non-woven

The viscoelastic behavior of short fiber reinforced polymers (SFRPs) partly depends on different microstructural parameters such as the local fiber orientation distribution. To account for this by simulation on component level, two‐scale methods couple simulations on the micro‐ and macroscale, which involve considerable computational costs. To circumvent this problem, the generation of a viscoelastic surrogate model is presented here. For that purpose, an adaptive sampling technique is investigated and data are obtained by creep simulations of representative volume elements (RVEs) using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) based homogenization method. Numerical tests confirm the high accuracy of the surrogate model. The possibility of using that model for efficient material optimization is shown.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/pamm.202200085

Data‐based prediction of the viscoelastic behavior of short fiber reinforced composites

Multiscale optimization of the viscoelastic behavior of short fiber reinforced composites

Parametric optimization of the effective thermal conductivity for a three-phase particle-filled composite

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Design of acoustic trim based on geometric modeling and flow simulation for non-woven

Data‐based prediction of the viscoelastic behavior of short fiber reinforced composites

Multiscale optimization of the viscoelastic behavior of short fiber reinforced composites

Parametric optimization of the effective thermal conductivity for a three-phase particle-filled composite