世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

Nutritional value of leafy vegetables of sub-Saharan Africa and their potential contribution to human health: A review

This review illustrates the outcomes of the nutrition transition in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its association with overweight and obesity; the relationship with the double burden of malnutrition is also explored. We describe the increase in overweight in nearly all Sub-Saharan African countries and present data on associated increased gross domestic product, and availability of energy, protein, fat, and sugar at country national levels. Predictors of overweight are described by means of various studies undertaken in SSA, and dietary intakes of numerous countries are presented. Overall, we show that socioeconomic status, gender, age, parity, physical inactivity, and increased energy, fat, and sugar intake are powerful predictors of overweight and/or obesity. The urgency for health interventions in countries in the early stages of the nutrition transition is emphasized, particularly in view of the fact that fat intake is still less than 30% of energy intake in nearly all Sub-Saharan African countries.

Obesity and the nutrition transition in Sub-Saharan Africa

Foreword * Defining Urban Agriculture and Indigenous Vegetables * Biodiversity of African Indigenous Vegetables * Urban Agriculture in African Cities * Nutritional Contributions of Important African Indigenous Vegetables * Production and Harvesting Systems for African Indigenous Vegetables * Management of African Indigenous Vegetables Towards Improved Production * Marketing of African Vegetables in Cities * Current Extent of African Vegetables in Urban Agriculture *Integration Of Urban Agriculture Into Spatial Planning - drawing lessons from the Dar es Salaam experience* Integration of IVs and Urban Agriculture: Recurring Themes and Policy Lessons for the Future

/pdf/african-indigenous-vegetables-in-urban-agriculture-37w5duij2a.pdf

African indigenous vegetables in urban agriculture

African fermented foods and probiotics

Most health problems are directly or indirectly associated with environmental sanitation. Most illnesses could be associated with personal hygiene and sanitation of the pupils. Freund, Graybill, and Keith, 2005) in their study in Zambia reported that little was actually known about health of children from 6-15 years and much still remains to be learned. Research now shows that risk of poor health continues throughout childhood and children's health status especially of girls, which actually worsens from age 5-15 years. Several studies have indicated a connection between hand sanitization and infection control in numerous settings such as extended care facilities, schools, and hospitals. Hand hygiene practices improve through increased frequency of hand washing and by increasing awareness of the importance of hand hygiene. This results in fewer Upper Respiratory Infection symptoms, lower illness rates, and lower absenteeism from school. Hand-hygiene interventions are efficacious for preventing gastrointestinal illnesses, in both developed and lesser-developed countries.

Primary School Pupils in Kenya Learn and Practice Good Hygiene

/pdf/demographic-socioeconomic-determinants-of-nutritional-status-1skt720i.pdf

Demographic-Socioeconomic Determinants of Nutritional Status among Children Ages 6-59 months from Female Headed Households in Luapula Valley, Zambia

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Primary School Pupils in Kenya Learn and Practice Good Hygiene

Demographic-Socioeconomic Determinants of Nutritional Status among Children Ages 6-59 months from Female Headed Households in Luapula Valley, Zambia