Aging barriers influencing mobile health usability for older adults: A literature based framework (MOLD-US)

Despite the necessity for smartphones to be designed to better accommodate the elderly user, currently available smartphone user interfaces (UIs) do not appear to be optimized for that purpose. The objectives of this paper are to identify the potential usability problems among elderly adults when interacting with a smartphone’s UI, and recommend improvements to UI designs. The heuristic evaluation technique was used to determine the anticipated usability problems. SMASH, a set of 12 usability heuristics for smartphone and mobile applications was applied within a controlled environment, with five experts with the necessary competence to perform the evaluation. The results of the study indicated that there were 27 usability problems and 27 heuristic violations encountered. “Minimize the user’s memory load” and “match between system and real world” were the two most frequently violated heuristics. This study was complemented by testing with elderly people, and the results show that 79.17% of the problems experienced by the elderly were predicted by the experts. Usability problems were classified into four categories: 1) appearance; 2) language; 3) dialogue; and 4) information. Problems categories were further divided into sub-categories, and design solutions were suggested for each sub-category. This study’s findings contribute to understanding the problems that hinder elderly users in using smartphones and provide valuable feedback to designers of smartphone technology regarding improvements to the UI to better suit the elderly.

Usability Evaluation of the Smartphone User Interface in Supporting Elderly Users From Experts’ Perspective

Supercapacitors have gained a lot of interest as a result of the recent focus on energy depletion and environmental pollution, which has sparked research into more sophisticated and ecologically friendly energy storage and conversion technologies. However, the low energy density and small potential window range in supercapacitors cause's researchers have been devoted on fabricating novel electrode materials. Particularly porous activated carbon (AC) materials derived from biomass are crucial and determine the intensive property of supercapacitors outstanding performance. AC from biomasses are highly abundant, environmentally friendly, and economically advantageous that are frequently used in supercapacitors due to their excellent electrochemical performance, good porosity, large specific surface area, and good graphitization degree. However, AC is significantly influenced by the chemical composition, surface design, and microstructural characteristics of biomass precursors. Therefore, the primary objective of this review is to examine the recent progress on the sophisticated art of AC and its composites from various natural waste biomasses, methods of surface modification and electrode preparation from them, their physicochemical characteristics, measurement techniques, cell configuration, and their applications in supercapacitors. AC is able to be a promising alternative and be employed as an excellent template to produce electrode materials with precise geometries due to their inherent qualities and benefits, such as environmental friendliness, natural abundance, low cost, enabling fast electron and ion diffusion across their structure, inherent mechanical strength and flexibility, and versatility to hybridise with other functional materials. Finally, issues with AC electrodes and potential future developments are explored in this review paper. 

Advancements in biomass derived porous carbon materials and their surface influence effect on electrode electrochemical performance for sustainable supercapacitors: A review

It is crucial that the interface design of mobile apps be age-appropriate at this stage of global aging, as the new epidemic has resulted in a higher sense of isolation among older persons. In this study, four typical senior social service mobile applications were chosen to give older persons the ability to complete user login duties. The participants were 16 older adults (7 men and 9 women) aged 55 to 76. Both objective and subjective data, including task completion time, gaze length, pupil diameter changes, EEG wave amplitude changes, and subjective sensations of older persons, were gathered using a combination of eye-movement and EEG signal approaches. The program was created to investigate the effects of interface design aspects on older people’s task performance, including interface layout, interface color, information density, icon size and position, etc. The study’s findings revealed that when the user task completion time and average fixation duration were shorter, the line of sight was more equally distributed, the visual focus was closer to the login button, and the average EEG amplitude of the user changed more, the older adults performed better. The palace layout had a more positive effect on job completion among older individuals when it came to interface layout. In terms of interface color, colored (contrasting) colors should serve to highlight the interface’s essential information points while they can be removed. In terms of interface information density, a low-density level interface design can simplify and lower the cognitive load of task execution for older people. The first level of icons in the interface and their position in the visual center of the interface is the best interface design for older persons in terms of icon size and position. The results of this study have theoretical ramifications for a thorough understanding of the factors influencing older people’s task performance, practical ramifications for the design of older people-centered interfaces, and they contribute to our understanding of the characteristics of older people’s interface interaction behavior.

/pdf/the-impact-of-interface-design-element-features-on-task-2rb9kev4.pdf

The Impact of Interface Design Element Features on Task Performance in Older Adults: Evidence from Eye-Tracking and EEG Signals

Objectives This scoping review aims to identify the level of willingness, the existing barriers, and motivators among older adults in using mobile applications to monitor and manage their health conditions. The secondary aim of this paper is to categorise these willingness, barriers and motivators using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Design Scoping review. Data source PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Science Direct (January 2009–December 2020). Study selection Studies that describe older adults’ perspectives with regard to their willingness, barriers or motivators towards the use of mobile applications in monitoring and managing their health condition were included. Data extraction Titles and abstracts were initially screened by two reviewers. Articles agreed by both reviewers were proceeded to full-text screening. One reviewer extracted the data, which were verified by a second reviewer. Findings were further classified according to the 14 TDF domains by two researchers. Results Six studies were included in the final scoping review. Barriers to adopting mobile applications for health-related interventions among older adults were the most common topic identified in the included studies. Barriers included being unaware of the existence of mobile health applications, lack of technological skills, lack of perceived ability and time, absence of professional involvements, and violation of trust and privacy. With regard to willingness, older adults are willing to use mobile applications if the apps incorporated features from a trusted source and have valid credentials. Motivators included continuous improvements of mobile applications’ design interface and personalised features tailored to older adults’ needs. Conclusions With the constant research for more diversified technology, the development of mobile applications to help older adults to manage and monitor health is seen as feasible, but barriers have to be addressed. The most prominent barriers linked to TDF domains were: (1) technological skills, (2) belief about consequences, and (3) memory, attention and decision process. Future interventions should use behaviour change techniques that target these three TDF domains in order to improve the ability to engage older adults with mobile technology.

/pdf/willingness-perceived-barriers-and-motivators-in-adopting-2f98ckfu.pdf

Willingness, perceived barriers and motivators in adopting mobile applications for health-related interventions among older adults: a scoping review

Influence of Design Elements in Mobile Applications on User Experience of Elderly People

Self-Heteroatom-Doped Garlic-Derived Porous Activated Carbon for a High-Energy-Density Supercapacitor

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Influence of Design Elements in Mobile Applications on User Experience of Elderly People

Self-Heteroatom-Doped Garlic-Derived Porous Activated Carbon for a High-Energy-Density Supercapacitor