Volumes in this widely revered series present comprehensive reviews of drug substances and additional materials, with critical review chapters that summarize information related to the characterization of drug substances and excipients. This organizational structure meets the needs of the pharmaceutical community and allows for the development of a timely vehicle for publishing review materials on this topic. The scope of the Profiles series encompasses review articles and database compilations that fall within one of the following six broad categories: Physical profiles of drug substances and excipients; Analytical profiles of drug substances and excipients; Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic profiles of drug substances and excipients; Methodology related to the characterization of drug substances and excipients; Methods of chemical synthesis; and Reviews of the uses and applications for individual drug substances, classes of drug substances, or excipients. * Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology

Background Zein, a byproduct of corn with renewable resources, unique hydrophobic/hydrophilic character, film/fiber forming and antioxidant properties, is a promising biopolymer for food and nutrition applications. The advantages in properties and efficiencies of nano materials over bulk counterparts are the basis of their unique nature in novel technologies. These advantages also expand their possible applications. Scope and approach An effort has been made to review on applications of zein/zein-based nano-materials in various branches of food (except food packaging) and nutrition sectors. The effects of various parameters affecting preparations and properties of the nano-materials are also discussed. Nano-encapsulation of foods and nutrients is the major section of this study. Key findings and conclusions (i) the average size of zein nanoparticles reported to be 50–200 nm; (ii) the functions of zein nanomaterials were multiples: a carrier of delivery (food, beverage, and nutrient) systems; a shell or a core of encapsulated systems; or a food ingredient; (iii) zein-based nano-materials have been used for encapsulation of food and nutrient components including lipids; essential oils; fat soluble vitamins; food colorants; flavors; and natural anti-oxidants; (iv) the bioavailability of food and nutrient components such as folic acid, vitamin D3, curcumin, beta-carotene, and resveratrol was improved by employing the zein-nanoparticles in comparison with the bulk counterparts; and (v) bioactive substances with potential applications for food and nutrition sectors were stabilized by zein/zein-based nano-materials.

Zein and zein -based nano-materials for food and nutrition applications: A review

Enhancement of curcumin water dispersibility and antioxidant activity using core-shell protein-polysaccharide nanoparticles

Many plants which are rich in phenolic compounds possess several health benefits, such as preventing urinary tract infections, stomach ulcers, and dental diseases. These phenolic compounds are generally stable and bioactive when present in plants. However, they are prone to degradation after extraction, which is a challenge when processing foods. Encapsulation is a process where the compounds of interest are enveloped by one or a mixture of polymers referred as matrix materials. It protects phenolic compounds from a relatively rapid degradation and helps to control the release of these compounds. Proteins are natural food grade polymers which are used as encapsulating matrices and do have a wide range of applications, especially in the food industry. In this review, the major phenolic compounds that are present in plants are outlined. The encapsulation methods and recent researches performed to encapsulate phenolic compounds present in plants using protein matrices are critically discussed.

Encapsulation of phenolic compounds present in plants using protein matrices

Algae are considered pigment-producing organisms The function of these compounds in algae is to carry out photosynthesis They have a great variety of pigments, which can be classified into three large groups: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins Within the carotenoids are xanthophylls Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) are a type of carotenoids with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, due to their chemical structure rich in double bonds that provides them with antioxidant properties In this context, xanthophylls can protect other molecules from oxidative stress by turning off singlet oxygen damage through various mechanisms Based on clinical studies, this review shows the available information concerning the bioactivity and biological effects of the main xanthophylls present in algae In addition, the algae with the highest production rate of the different compounds of interest were studied It was observed that fucoxanthin is obtained mainly from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp, and Fucus spp The main sources of astaxanthin are the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp Lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly found in algal species such as Scenedesmus spp, Chlorella spp, Rhodophyta spp, or Spirulina spp However, the extraction and purification processes of xanthophylls from algae need to be standardized to facilitate their commercialization Finally, we assessed factors that determine the bioavailability and bioaccesibility of these molecules We also suggested techniques that increase xanthophyll’s bioavailability

Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids.

Self-assembly of zein microspheres with controllable particle size and narrow distribution using a novel built-in ultrasonic dialysis process

Enhancing the stability of astaxanthin by encapsulation in poly (l-lactic acid) microspheres using a supercritical anti-solvent process

Design of gefitinib-loaded poly (l-lactic acid) microspheres via a supercritical anti-solvent process for dry powder inhalation

The invention discloses a preparation method of a zein microsphere and an ultrasonic built-in dialysis device for preparing the zein microsphere. A dialysis bag of the device is positioned in a jacket kettle filled with a dialysis solution; the jacket kettle is connected with a constant-temperature tank; and an ultrasonic generator is connected with an ultrasonic transducer, the top of an ultrasonic amplitude transformer is connected with the ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer extends into the dialysis bag and is fixed with the upper end of the dialysis bag, and the bottom of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is positioned at the middle part of the dialysis solution in the dialysis bag. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving zein into an ethanol solution, placing a zein solution in the dialysis bag, putting the fixed dialysis bag into the dialysis solution, opening the ultrasonic generator, and controlling the ultrasonic power to be 150-225W; and performing freeze drying on a product obtained after dialysis to prepare the product. The zein microsphere obtained by using an ultrasonic built-in dialysis process disclosed by the invention is smooth in surface, has the particle size of 1-2 microns, is narrow in particle size distribution and good in dispersion performance, and can be used for oral administration and suction-type administration or can be prepared into a suspension for injection.

Preparation method of zein microsphere and ultrasonic built-in dialysis device for preparing zein microsphere

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Self-assembly of zein microspheres with controllable particle size and narrow distribution using a novel built-in ultrasonic dialysis process

Enhancing the stability of astaxanthin by encapsulation in poly (l-lactic acid) microspheres using a supercritical anti-solvent process

Design of gefitinib-loaded poly (l-lactic acid) microspheres via a supercritical anti-solvent process for dry powder inhalation

Preparation method of zein microsphere and ultrasonic built-in dialysis device for preparing zein microsphere