Mycotoxin contamination in foods and other goods has become a broad issue owing to serious toxicity, tremendous threat to public safety, and terrible loss of resources. Herein, it is necessary to develop simple, sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid platforms for the detection of mycotoxins. Currently, the limitation of instrumental and chemical methods cannot be massively applied in practice. Immunoassays are considered one of the best candidates for toxin detection due to their simplicity, rapidness, and cost-effectiveness. Especially, the field of dual-mode immunosensors and corresponding assays is rapidly developing as an advanced and intersected technology. So, this review summarized the types and detection principles of single-mode immunosensors including optical and electrical immunosensors in recent years, then focused on developing dual-mode immunosensors including integrated immunosensors and combined immunosensors to detect mycotoxins, as well as the combination of dual-mode immunosensors with a portable device for point-of-care test. The remaining challenges were discussed with the aim of stimulating future development of dual-mode immunosensors to accelerate the transformation of scientific laboratory technologies into easy-to-operate and rapid detection platforms.

Advances in immunoassay-based strategies for mycotoxin detection in food: From single-mode immunosensors to dual-mode immunosensors.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are perceived as a hopeful capacitive deionization (CDI) faradic electrode for Cl- insertion due to its tunable composition, excellent anion exchange capacity, and fast redox activity. Nevertheless, the self-stacking and inferior electrical conductivity of the two-dimensional structure of LDH lead to unsatisfactory CDI performance. Herein, the three-dimensional (3D) hollow nanocage structure of CoNi-layered double hydroxide/carbon composites is well designed as a CDI anode by cation etching of the pre-carbonized ZIF-67 template. C/CoNi-LDH has a unique 3D hollow nanocage structure and abundant pore features, which can effectively suppress the self-stacking of LDH sheets and facilitate the transport of ions. Moreover, the introduced amorphous carbon layer can act as a conductive network. When employed as the CDI anode, C/CoNi-LDH exhibited a high Cl- removal capacity of 60.88 mg g-1 and a fast Cl- removal rate of 18.09 mg g-1 min-1 at 1.4 V in 1000 mg L-1 NaCl solution. The mechanism of the Cl- intercalation pseudo-capacitance reaction of C/CoNi-LDH is revealed by electrochemical kinetic analysis and ex situ characterization. This study provides vital guidance for the design of high-performance electrodes for CDI.

Enhanced Pseudo-Capacitance Process in Nanoarchitectural Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoarrays Hollow Nanocages for Improved Capacitive Deionization Performance.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising electrochemical technique for the removal and recycling of ions from micro-polluted wastewater but is still hindered by the co-ion expulsion effect and anode oxidation. In this study, these issues are addressed through optimization of both materials and electrochemical systems. A diverse set of porous carbons are prepared using biomass as a precursor and KOH as the activation agent. It is found that direct carbonization and/or KOH activation induce a negative surface charge, whereas intense nitrogen-doping results in an inverse surface charge for all biomass-derived carbons, characterized by the potential of zero charge (Epzc). Density functional theory calculations suggest that the carboxyl group and quaternary N contribute most among other functional groups to the negative and positive charges, respectively. A Epzc-matching asymmetric CDI system is constructed employing negatively charged and positively charged carbons as the cathode and anode, respectively. This configuration, coupled with precise optimization of the cathode-to-anode mass ratio (m-/m+), unlocks a high adsorption capacity of 17.2 mg g−1 for NaCl, surpassing the symmetric system by 84.7 %. Further fine tuning of the m-/m+ ratio results in a removal capacity of 167.4 mg g−1 for Cu2+ ions, which is the highest reported for carbonaceous materials to date. 

Unleashing the Power of Capacitive Deionization: Advancing Ion Removal with Biomass-Derived Porous Carbonaceous Electrodes

The use of biomass and waste to produce adsorbent reduces the cost of water treatment. The bio-char of Sargassum oligocystum (BCSO) was modified with MnFe2O4 magnetic particles and La-metal organic framework (MOF) to generate an efficient adsorbent (BCSO/MnFe2O4@La-MOF) for fluoride ions (F-) removal from aqueous solutions. The performance of BCSO/MnFe2O4@La-MOF was compared with BCSO/MnFe2O4 and BCSO. The characteristics of the adsorbents were investigated using various techniques, which revealed that the magnetic composites were well-synthesized and exhibited superparamagnetic properties. The maximum adsorption efficiencies (BCSO: 97.84%, BCSO/MnFe2O4: 97.85%, and BCSO/MnFe2O4@La-MOF: 99.36%) were achieved under specific conditions of pH 4, F- concentration of 10 mg/L, and adsorbent dosage of 3, 1.5, and 1 g/L for BCSO, BCSO/MnFe2O4, and BCSO/MnFe2O4@La-MOF, respectively. The results demonstrated that the experimental data adheres to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were determined to be negative; thus, the F- adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous in the range of 25-50 °C. The equilibrium data of the process exhibited conformity with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of F- ions were determined as 10.267 mg/g for BCSO, 14.903 mg/g for the BCSO/MnFe2O4, and 31.948 mg/g for BCSO/MnFe2O4@La-MOF. The KF and AT values for the F- adsorption were obtained at 21.03 mg/g (L/mg)1/n and 100 × 10+9 L/g, indicating the pronounced affinity of the BCSO/MnFe2O4@La-MOF towards F- than other samples. The significant potential of the BCSO/MnFe2O4@La-MOF magnetic composite for F- removal from industrial wastewater, makes it suitable for repeated utilization in the adsorption process. 

Amendment of Sargassum oligocystum bio-char with MnFe2O4 and lanthanum MOF obtained from PET waste for fluoride removal: A comparative study.

Microfluidic chip technology is a technology platform that integrates basic operation units such as processing, separation, reaction and detection into microchannel chip to realize low consumption, fast and efficient analysis of samples. It has the characteristics of small volume need of samples and reagents, fast analysis, low cost, automation, portability, high throughout, and good compatibility with other techniques. In this review, the concept, preparation materials and fabrication technology of microfluidic chip are described. The applications of microfluidic chip in immunoassay, including fluorescent, chemiluminescent, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and electrochemical immunoassay are reviewed. Look into the future, the development of microfluidic chips lies in point-of-care testing and high throughput equipment, and there are still some challenges in the design and the integration of microfluidic chips, as well as the analysis of actual sample by microfluidic chips.

/pdf/recent-progress-of-microfluidic-chips-in-immunoassay-1mr4hb1a.pdf

Recent progress of microfluidic chips in immunoassay

Preparation of MOF/polypyrrole and flower-like MnO2 electrodes by electrodeposition: High-performance materials for hybrid capacitive deionization defluorination.

Simultaneous Sers-Based Immunoassay of Dual Cardiac Markers on Pump-Free Hybrid Microfluidic Chip

Quantum dots (QDs) have aroused intensive research interest because of their unique optical properties and capability in the fabrication of high-performance light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the optical performance of the QDs is strongly affected by their intrinsic thermal sensitivity as well as the dispersion state in LEDs, thus demanding more accurate thermal control of the QDs in the LED package to promote performance optimization. In this article, a microsphere model is developed to study the thermal behavior of the QDs in the LED package by considering their monodispersion and heat accumulation. The utilization of the model provides the simulated temperature as well as the heat distribution of the QDs more in line with the experimental results, achieving an average error of only 0.01%–2%. Further study based on the microsphere model reveals that a layered package structure can offer better heat control and light uniformity for the QDs-based LEDs (QD-LEDs). The optimized package realizes a maximum of 12.5 °C temperature reduction for QDs than the conventional structure and the valid operation power for QD-LEDs to operate at 80 °C is promoted by 25%.

Thermal Analysis and Performance Optimization of Quantum Dots in LEDs by Microsphere Model

Frequent oil spill accidents not only cause a great loss of energy but also bring severe ecological risks. Phase-selective organogelators (PSOGs) can selectively solidify oil from oil-water mixtures through the...

A new class of amide-based organogels: from oil spill recovery to self-assembly structure analysis

The Synergistic Dispersion and Biodegradation for Oil in Seawater Based on Janus Nanosheets and Oil-Degrading Bacteria

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