This paper examines new organizational arrangements that have emerged in the context of a privatized extension system. It investigates the positioning and embedding of a network broker aimed at enhancing interaction in the privatized agricultural knowledge and information system (AKIS), to assess whether tensions reported in other sectors also manifest in agriculture and inform theory and policy on collective functions in pluralistic extension systems. It employs a case study approach using semi-structured interviews, observations, a closed questionnaire and secondary data analysis. Results show that a demand-driven way of working may prevent network brokers losing their neutrality in farmers’ eyes, but that a network broker nevertheless can be perceived as disruptive by extension service providers. Furthermore, it appears hard to make the network brokerage function self-sufficient. The paper shows that a social dilemma manifests, that is, the collective benefits are recognized, but private inter...

Shaping Collective Functions in Privatized Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems: The Positioning and Embedding of a Network Broker in the Dutch Dairy Sector

De overgang naar een markt voor agrarisch onderzoek en kennisintensieve dienstverlening brengt verschillende uitdagingen met zich mee voor actoren in de agrarische kennisinfrastructuur, aan zowel de vraagkant (eindgebruikers van innovaties zoals boeren, en de overheid) en de aanbodzijde (aanbieders van onderzoek en kennisintensieve dienstverlening). Nieuwe organisatorische arrangementen proberen vraag en aanbod in de agrarische kennisinfrastructuur bij elkaar te brengen. Dit proefschrift gaat over dergelijke nieuwe organisatorische arrangementen.

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Matching demand and supply in the Dutch agricultural knowledge infrastructure : the emergence and embedding of new intermediaries in an agricultural innovation system in transition

Purpose: The objective of this article is to analyze the introduction of participatory extension approaches (PEA) in the predominantly supply-driven, hierarchical Vietnamese extension system. Drawing on the case of the so-called Farmer Livestock School (FLS) concept, the authors investigate the potential and challenges of scaling up and out the FLS/PEA principles of participatory training methods, encompassing intensive and interactive training sessions, group-based sharing of experience, practical learning, and learning-by-doing processes. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is based on data collected and synthesized from 36 pilot communes from 2000 to 2007 and draws on the extensive insider experience of two of its authors during their work for a DANIDA-funded livestock project. Findings: At the micro-scale and with external support, FLS has been a successful experiment of using participatory extension approaches in farmer training and extension in the livestock sector. Yet, possibilities ...

Challenges to Institutionalizing Participatory Extension: The Case of Farmer Livestock Schools in Vietnam

ASCTRACT This study aims to analyze the potential and constraints of group-based extension approaches as an institutional innovation in the Vietnamese agricultural extension system. Our analysis therefore unfolds around the challenges of how to foster this kind of approach within the hierarchical extension policy setting and how to effectively shape and enable learning groups. The analysis draws on qualitative data from case studies of five newly established extension groups in Son La province, collected between 2007 and 2008. Content analysis was applied as the main analytical tool. The basic principles of group-based learning approaches are still underdeveloped, mainly due to a non-supportive institutional environment and a command-and-follow mentality. Extension groups suffer from an insufficient distinction between social processes and technical procedures. Finding an appropriate balance between enhancing leadership and supporting collective responsibility is identified as key to sustain groups. The r...

Group-based Learning in an Authoritarian Setting? Novel Extension Approaches in Vietnam's Northern Uplands

This paper assesses processes of adoption of agricultural innovations introduced to the northwestern uplands of Vietnam since the late 1950s as a result of external driving forces and the motivation of adopting farmers. We found that innovations which meet the immediate needs of food security and income generation in the uplands are adopted by a high number of farmers, but tend to be less environmentally sound. Innovations driven by political and ecological interests, i.e. of the type “adoption for political and social rewards” and “adoption for a sustainable environment,” are accepted by only a small proportion of farmers. Agricultural innovations that can satisfy both the agenda of the government and meet the needs of farmers are quickly disseminated and have a long lifespan in the uplands. “Adoption for local consumption “ ” and “adoption for cash income” have currently reached their peak after a period of rapid growth in the recent past. Examples of this include intensive rice cultivation for household food needs and hybrid maize cultivation for market demand. This study further identified three main mechanisms of innovation diffusion, namely the trickle-down mechanism, the ripple mechanism and the network mechanism with their underlying communication models of “transmission,” “interpersonal communication” and “social network” respectively.

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Agricultural Knowledge Transfer and Innovation Processes in Vietnam’s Northwestern Uplands:State-governed or Demand-driven?

The majority of the population of Vietnam lives in rural areas and depends on agriculture for their livelihood. Consistent growth of the agriculture sector over the past two decades has contributed to a remarkable reduction in the poverty rate and the virtual elimination of hunger in the rural areas of Vietnam. In order to continue the growth rates of the past and contribute to further poverty reduction into the future, Agriculture Science and Technology will need to play a greater part in the development of the agriculture sector. This paper outlines the importance of Agriculture Science and Technology in rural development, discusses the performance of the agriculture research and extension systems and outlines recent developments designed to improve the performance of Agriculture Science and Technology and increase the level of linkages between farmers, policymakers, researchers and the extension system.

Integrating and Institutionalizing Lessons Learned: Reorganizing Agricultural Research and Extension1

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Integrating and Institutionalizing Lessons Learned: Reorganizing Agricultural Research and Extension1