Crystalline ceramic materials are one option for the storage of waste resulting from potential commercial nuclear fuel recycling. Ceramics are a materials class defined by primarily ionic and covalent bonding with structural variations ranging from fully ordered crystalline (referred to as crystalline ceramics) to disordered amorphous (referred to as glass). Tailoring of a ceramic waste form is based on the knowledge that there are many naturally produced minerals containing radioactive and nonradioactive species very similar to the radionuclides of concern in wastes from fuel reprocessing. This chapter presents summarized existing literature with emphasis on the durability of composite materials for nuclear energy systems by highlighting the following: (1) mechanical properties, (2) corrosion and leaching effects, (3) radiation damage effects, and (4) morphology drivers for irreversible species diffusion and transport in model titanate-based ceramics that have been thoroughly studied for use in immobilizing nuclear waste.

Durability of composite materials for nuclear energy systems

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