The global palm oil value chain has grown in complexity; stakeholder relationships and linkages are increasingly shaped by new public and private standards that aim to ameliorate social and environmental costs while harnessing economic gains. Regulatory initiatives in the emerging policy regime complex struggle to resolve sector-wide structural performance issues: pervasive land conflicts, yield differences between companies and smallholders, and carbon emissions arising from deforestation and peatland conversion. Identifying opportunities for more effective governance of the palm oil value chain and supply landscapes, this paper explores disconnects, complementarities, and antagonisms between public regulations and private standards, looking at the global, national, and subnational policy domains shaping chain actors’ conduct. Greater complementarities have emerged among transnational instruments, but state regulation disconnects persist and antagonisms prevail between national state regulations and transnational private standards. Emerging experimental approaches, particularly at subnational level, aim to improve coordination to both enhance complementarities and resolve disconnects.

/pdf/governing-sustainable-palm-oil-supply-disconnects-14yp86id8k.pdf

Governing sustainable palm oil supply: Disconnects, complementarities, and antagonisms between state regulations and private standards

The effect of small firms' competitive strategies on their community and environmental engagement

The expansion of oil palm plantations in Papua province, Indonesia, involves the conversion of forests, among other land types in the landscapes, which are a source of clan members’ livelihoods. The way in which this expansion occurs makes it necessary to understand the factors associated with why companies look for frontier lands and what externalities are generated during both the land acquisition and plantation development periods. Using a spatial analysis of the concession areas, along with data from household surveys of each clan from the Auyu, Mandobo, and Marind tribes who release land to companies, we find that investors are motivated to profit from timber harvested from the clearing of lands for plantations, activity that is facilitated by the local government. Land acquisition and plantation development have resulted in externalities to indigenous landowners in the form of time and money lost in a series of meetings and consultations involving clan members and traditional elders. Other externalities include the reduced welfare of people due to loss of livelihoods, and impacts on food security.

/pdf/expansion-of-oil-palm-plantations-in-indonesia-s-frontier-4pm3s5i4ub.pdf

Expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia's frontier: problems of externalities and the future of local and indigenous communities.

Renting legality: How FLEGT is reinforcing power relations in Indonesian furniture production networks.

Complex regulatory frameworks governing private smallholder tree plantations in Gunungkidul District, Indonesia

https://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP164Obidzinski.pdf

The timber legality verification system and the voluntary partnership agreement (VPA) in Indonesia: Challenges for the small-scale forestry sector

The Indonesian Timber Legality Verification System (SVLK) is the cornerstone of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between Indonesia and the European Commission, which offers opportunities for Indonesian timber producers to benefit from increased market access to a major eco-sensitive market. Significant progress has been made in the application of SVLK standards among large forestry enterprises and the prospects are good that full compliance can be achieved in the large-scale sector by the end of 2014.

/pdf/timber-legality-verification-and-small-scale-forestry-3onj3ka9fh.pdf

Timber legality verification and small-scale forestry enterprises in Indonesia: Lessons learned and policy options

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The timber legality verification system and the voluntary partnership agreement (VPA) in Indonesia: Challenges for the small-scale forestry sector

Timber legality verification and small-scale forestry enterprises in Indonesia: Lessons learned and policy options